Oxygen Transport Membranes

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Questions and Answers

What is the optimum O2 concentration from the ASU for oxy-fuel technology?

90-95%

75-80%

80-85%

97-98% (correct)

What is the primary component of the flue gas recirculation rate for oxy-fuel technology?

N2 and O2

NOx and SOx

CO and H2

CO2 and H2O (correct)

What is the reason for considering oxy-fuel technology in power generation?

Reduces CO2 emissions only

Eliminates N2 from combustor outlet simplifying the carbon capture step (correct)

Adds complexity to the carbon capture process

Increases NOx emissions

What is the expected O2 to the boiler with a 70% flue gas recirculation rate?

25-30% Signup and view all the answers

What is the ASU in the context of oxy-fuel technology?

Air separation unit Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical adiabatic flame temperature calculation based on for oxy-fuel technology?

Coal combustion Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected O2 concentration from the ASU for oxy-fuel technology?

97-98% Signup and view all the answers

What is the total enthalpy change of the stoichiometric combustion process C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g) under adiabatic, isobaric conditions?

$\Delta H_T = nI ( H_I(T_f) - H_I(T_o) ) + nCO2 ( H_{CO2}(T_f) - H_{CO2}(T_o) )$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of $T_f$ for the pure O2 feed to the combustion process with $T_o = 298K$?

$T_f = 5,598 K$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the heat capacity of CO2 for the air feed to the combustion process?

$C_pCO2 = 54.6 J/mol.K$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of $nI/nCO2$ for the air feed to the combustion process?

$nI/nCO2 = 3.76$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the mole fraction of N2 in the air separation using distillation at operating pressures of between 1-20 bar?

Mole fraction of N2 is ~78% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary design variable for the mass transfer area of the membrane module in air separation using membranes?

Permeance Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred option for large-scale Oxygen requirements at this time?

Cryogenic distillation Signup and view all the answers

What does the Robeson plot illustrate?

The relationship between O2/N2 selectivity and O2 permeability for polymeric membranes Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating the mass transfer area of a membrane?

$ ext{selectivity} imes ext{degree of recovery}$ Signup and view all the answers

What are the three stages of operation for oxygen ion transport membranes (OTMs)?

O2 adsorption, oxygen bulk diffusion, and surface reaction Signup and view all the answers

What are the disadvantages of oxygen transport membranes (OTMs)?

High operating temperatures and the need to ensure only surface reaction controls Signup and view all the answers

What does the design of an oxygen transport membrane module involve calculating?

The membrane area required for oxygen separation Signup and view all the answers

What is the application of oxygen transport membranes demonstrated in the text?

Operation in an automobile and in a coal-fired plant Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of current membrane systems mentioned in the text?

Limited to less than 400 tonnes of O2 per day Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for the minimum power requirements for oxy-fuel combustion CO2 capture?

$Minimum Power = \left( \frac{\ln\left(\frac{\frac{y_2}{X}}{\frac{y_{O2}}{2}}\right)}{\ln\left(\frac{p_1}{p}\right)} - \frac{\ln y_{O2} + \frac{y_2}{X}}{y_{O2}}\right) \times \left(\frac{RT}{F_{CO2}}\right)$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of total CO2 emissions used in the calculation of minimum power requirements?

2,470 kmol/s Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperature at which the pure CO2 product is compressed to 100 bar?

298K Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of yO2 in the equation for minimum power requirements?

0.209 Signup and view all the answers

What is the total EU power demand?

2320 GW Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate EU electric power demand?

450 GW Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for considering this technology, as mentioned in the text?

Eliminates N2 from combustor outlet simplifying the carbon capture step. Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of the minimum power requirement for oxy-fuel combustion CO2 capture?

58.3 GW Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the technology on NOx emissions?

Significant reduction in NOx. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Design and Application of Oxygen Transport Membranes

Differential analysis provides a formula for the changes in flow and concentration due to permeation through a membrane.
The ratio of total molar flowrates of retentate relative to the feed can be calculated based on pressure and selectivity.
The mass transfer area of the membrane can be calculated using selectivity and degree of recovery.
The Robeson plot shows the relationship between O2/N2 selectivity and O2 permeability for polymeric membranes.
Oxygen ion transport membranes (OTMs) are a developing field of research for oxy-fuel applications and are typically operated at high temperatures.
Perovskite-based ceramic membranes, consisting of rare-earth and transition metal elements, are used for OTMs.
OTMs operate in three stages: O2 adsorption, oxygen bulk diffusion, and surface reaction.
Disadvantages of OTMs include high operating temperatures and the need to ensure only surface reaction controls.
The design of an oxygen transport membrane module involves calculating the membrane area required for oxygen separation.
A case study for oxy-fuel operation in an automobile and in a coal-fired plant demonstrates the application of oxygen transport membranes.
Current membrane systems are limited to less than 400 tonnes of O2 per day.
The energy penalty for the cases outlined earlier is approximately 30% per mole of feed air.

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Test your knowledge of oxygen transport membranes with this quiz. Explore topics such as differential analysis, membrane design, perovskite-based ceramic membranes, operating stages, and applications in oxy-fuel systems. Identify key concepts and understand the limitations of current membrane systems through a case study analysis. Dive into the world of oxygen ion transport membranes and their potential in various industries.