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Questions and Answers
What two primary forms does oxygen take when carried in the blood?
What two primary forms does oxygen take when carried in the blood?
- Suspended in platelets and dissolved in white blood cells.
- Dissolved in plasma and chemically bound to hemoglobin. (correct)
- Free radicals and antioxidants.
- Ionic and molecular.
What physiological factors influence the total oxygen content of mixed venous blood (CvO2)?
What physiological factors influence the total oxygen content of mixed venous blood (CvO2)?
- Low hemoglobin, decreased cardiac output, increased metabolic rate. (correct)
- Low hemoglobin, increased cardiac output, increased metabolic rate.
- Increased hemoglobin, increased cardiac output, decreased metabolic rate.
- High hemoglobin, decreased cardiac output, decreased metabolic rate.
Which statement accurately describes the oxygen dissociation curve's shift to the left?
Which statement accurately describes the oxygen dissociation curve's shift to the left?
- Decreased oxygen affinity, facilitating oxygen unloading into tissues only when higher pressures are present.
- Decreased oxygen affinity, promoting efficient oxygen loading in the lungs.
- Increased oxygen affinity, hindering oxygen unloading into tissues and requiring higher pressures for release.
- Increased oxygen affinity, enhancing oxygen loading but hindering unloading into tissues. (correct)
How does decreased 2,3-DPG impact the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve and oxygen unloading?
How does decreased 2,3-DPG impact the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve and oxygen unloading?
What changes would shift the oxygen dissociation curve to the right (decreased affinity)?
What changes would shift the oxygen dissociation curve to the right (decreased affinity)?
If a patient's arterial blood gas shows a PaO2 of 60 torr, approximately what percentage would you expect their hemoglobin saturation (SaO2) to be?
If a patient's arterial blood gas shows a PaO2 of 60 torr, approximately what percentage would you expect their hemoglobin saturation (SaO2) to be?
What directly reflects the optimal oxygen-carrying capacity within the cardiopulmonary system?
What directly reflects the optimal oxygen-carrying capacity within the cardiopulmonary system?
Which formula calculates the total oxygen content of arterial blood (CaO2)?
Which formula calculates the total oxygen content of arterial blood (CaO2)?
What is the normal range for oxygen content of arterial blood?
What is the normal range for oxygen content of arterial blood?
In the context of left shifts in the oxygen dissociation curve, if the $PAO_2$ is 60 torr and the pH is 7.6, what effect does this have on hemoglobin saturation?
In the context of left shifts in the oxygen dissociation curve, if the $PAO_2$ is 60 torr and the pH is 7.6, what effect does this have on hemoglobin saturation?
What is the volume of $O_2$ (in mL) that 1 gram of Hemoglobin ($Hb$) can bind with?
What is the volume of $O_2$ (in mL) that 1 gram of Hemoglobin ($Hb$) can bind with?
An increase in which parameter causes a right shift of the oxygen dissociation curve.
An increase in which parameter causes a right shift of the oxygen dissociation curve.
A patient has low hemoglobin, after reviewing the lab results which is the mostly likely result?
A patient has low hemoglobin, after reviewing the lab results which is the mostly likely result?
If the Oxygen Dissociation curve shifts to the right, what impact does this have on the $O_2$ affinity and $O_2$ unloading??
If the Oxygen Dissociation curve shifts to the right, what impact does this have on the $O_2$ affinity and $O_2$ unloading??
If a patient’s $PaO_2$ is 40 torr, based on the 40-50-60/70-80-90 rule, what is their $SaO_2$?
If a patient’s $PaO_2$ is 40 torr, based on the 40-50-60/70-80-90 rule, what is their $SaO_2$?
What is the normal range for $CvO_2$?
What is the normal range for $CvO_2$?
If a patient’s mixed venous oxygen saturation ($SvO_2$) decreases due to increased metabolic rate, how does this affect their arterial oxygen saturation $(SaO_2)$, assuming other factors remain constant?
If a patient’s mixed venous oxygen saturation ($SvO_2$) decreases due to increased metabolic rate, how does this affect their arterial oxygen saturation $(SaO_2)$, assuming other factors remain constant?
What conditions define a left shift in the Oxygen Dissociation curve?
What conditions define a left shift in the Oxygen Dissociation curve?
What happens when the Oxygen Unloading is decreased?
What happens when the Oxygen Unloading is decreased?
Flashcards
Oxygen Transport
Oxygen Transport
The transportation of oxygen between the lungs and the cells of the body; a function performed by the blood and the heart.
Two forms of Oxygen in Blood
Two forms of Oxygen in Blood
Oxygen is carried in two forms: dissolved in blood plasma, and chemically bound to hemoglobin.
CaO2 (Arterial Oxygen Content)
CaO2 (Arterial Oxygen Content)
The overall oxygen carrying capacity of arterial blood, normally between 16-20%.
CvO2 (Mixed Venous Oxygen Content)
CvO2 (Mixed Venous Oxygen Content)
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Pulmonary Capillary Oxygen Content
Pulmonary Capillary Oxygen Content
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Factors Shifting Oxygen Dissociation Curve
Factors Shifting Oxygen Dissociation Curve
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Left Shift in Oxygen Dissociation Curve
Left Shift in Oxygen Dissociation Curve
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Right Shift in Oxygen Dissociation Curve
Right Shift in Oxygen Dissociation Curve
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Study Notes
- Oxygen transport between the lungs and body cells is a function of the blood and heart
- Blood carries oxygen in two forms: dissolved in plasma or chemically bound to hemoglobin
Oxygen Bound to Hemoglobin
- 1.34 mL O2 X Hb = Oxygen bound to hemoglobin
- Oxygen bound to hemoglobin is multiplied by Sao2
Oxygen Dissolved in Plasma
- PaO2 X 0.003 = Oxygen dissolved in plasma
- Total Oxygen Content = Oxygen bound to hemoglobin + oxygen dissolved in plasma
Total Oxygen Content of Arterial Blood
- CaO2 = oxygen content of arterial blood
- CaO2 indicates the overall oxygen carrying capacity of arterial blood; normal levels are 16-20%
- (Hb x 1.34 x SaO2) + (PaO2 x 0.003)
Total Oxygen Content of Mixed Venous Blood
- CvO2 = oxygen content of mixed venous blood
- CvO2 reflects the overall oxygen level of blood returning to the right heart
- Normal value is 12-15 vol%
- (Hb x 1.34 x SvO2) + (PvO x 0.003)
- Factors that decrease CvO2: low Hb, decreased cardiac output, increased metabolic rate
Total Oxygen Content of Pulmonary Capillary Blood
- CcO2 = oxygen content of pulmonary end-capillary blood
- End-capillary oxygen content reflects the optimal oxygen carrying capacity of the cardiopulmonary system
- Low Hb significantly lowers the end-capillary oxygen content
- (Hb × 1.34) + (PAO2 × 0.003)
Oxygen Dissociation Curve Factors
- Factors that shift the oxygen dissociation curve:
- Shift to the left increases O2 affinity
- Shift to the right decreases affinity, resulting in more unloading into the tissues and higher pressure needed
Right Shifts: Loading of Oxygen in Lungs
- Normally, when PaO2 is 60 torr, plasma PO2 is approximately 60 torr, and Hb is approximately 90 percent saturated
- 40-50-60/70-80-90 PaO2/SaO2 Rule: Can estimate blood gas from pulse oximetry readings
Left Shifts: Loading of Oxygen in the Lungs
- When PAO2 is 60 torr and the curve has shifted to the left due to a pH of 7.6
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