Introduction to the Respiratory System Quiz Game and Flash Cards

Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of oxygen therapy?

To improve tissue oxygenation (correct)

To eliminate the need for ventilation

To enhance breathing discomfort

To suppress respiratory function

Which delivery device is specifically designed to provide a precise concentration of oxygen?

Nasal catheter

Venturi mask (correct)

Nasal cannula

Simple face mask

What should be followed to ensure safety in both clinical and home settings when providing oxygen therapy?

Adhering to safety precautions (correct)

Using higher concentrations of oxygen liberally

Utilizing low-flow oxygen devices

Ignoring patient feedback on discomfort

Which of the following statements about tracheostomy tubes is true?

They may be cuffed or non cuffed depending on patient needs. Signup and view all the answers

What signs and symptoms are indicative of hypoxia?

Neurologic changes and cardiac dysrhythmias Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is most critical for gas exchange in the respiratory system?

Alveolus Signup and view all the answers

What is the combination of one inspiration and one expiration called?

Respiration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is necessary for breathing to occur?

Pressure changes in the thoracic cavity Signup and view all the answers

How can anxiety affect respiratory function?

It increases the body's need for oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended technique to improve ventilation?

Deep breathing and coughing exercises Signup and view all the answers

What role does humidity play in respiratory health?

It helps moisten secretions for easier clearance Signup and view all the answers

Which test was approved by the FDA to aid in diagnosing latent TB infection?

QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT-G) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes an essential function of the respiratory system?

To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of the nurse when administering oxygen therapy?

To adjust the oxygen flow and evaluate the patient's response Signup and view all the answers

What precaution should be taken when using a nasal cannula for patients with obstructive pulmonary disease?

Keeping the flow at 2-3 L/min to avoid respiratory drive reduction Signup and view all the answers

Which oxygen delivery device can administer a precise concentration of oxygen based on the patient's needs?

Venturi mask Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk of administering high levels of oxygen for extended periods?

It may result in oxygen toxicity and pulmonary scarring Signup and view all the answers

Which statement indicates a patient needs further education regarding safe oxygen use?

I will make sure my oxygen mask fits tightly to prevent leaks. Signup and view all the answers

What result does hypoxia have on cellular metabolism?

Cell metabolism slows down, leading to cell death Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct action when observing a patient on a 3 L nasal cannula with increased shortness of breath?

Reassess the patient and possibly adjust oxygen before notifying the physician Signup and view all the answers

Which factor must be considered while determining the appropriate oxygen flow rate for a patient?

Blood gas values and patient's condition Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to humidify oxygen administered via nasal cannula when the flow exceeds 4 L/min?

Utilizing distilled water or a prefilled humidification container Signup and view all the answers

In the case of a non-rebreather mask, what is the required flow rate to maintain adequate oxygen delivery?

6-15 L/min Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following oxygen delivery methods is the best choice for ensuring a precise oxygen concentration?

Venturi mask Signup and view all the answers

When patients are instructed on the use of oxygen, what should they avoid alongside maintaining adequate fluid intake?

Using dairy products Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate FiO2 percentage range provided by a nasal cannula at standard flow rates?

24-44% Signup and view all the answers

What structure initiates the cough reflex to help expel foreign materials?

Larger particles Signup and view all the answers

Which bronchus is larger in diameter and more vertical in descent?

Right bronchus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of alveoli in the lungs?

To facilitate gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

What role does surfactant play in the alveoli?

It prevents the alveoli from collapsing Signup and view all the answers

Where does the gas exchange occur in the respiratory system?

Alveoli Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the thoracic cavity contains the heart and major blood vessels?

Mediastinum Signup and view all the answers

What controls the basic rhythm and depth of respiration?

Medulla oblongata and pons Signup and view all the answers

What condition may arise from excessive serous secretion in the pleural cavity?

Pleural effusion Signup and view all the answers

Which type of data includes a patient's subjective experience of shortness of breath?

Subjective data Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the external respiration process?

Exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased blood carbon dioxide levels on respiration?

It stimulates an increased respiration rate Signup and view all the answers

Which structure directly connects the pharynx to the trachea?

Larynx Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of chemoreceptors in respiration?

To monitor blood gas levels Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the role of turbinates in the upper respiratory tract?

Helping to filter and warm the air as it moves through the nasal cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiological significance of internal respiration?

To facilitate gas exchange at the cellular level Signup and view all the answers

What is orthopnea?

Breathing difficulty when lying down Signup and view all the answers

What function do the cilia in the trachea serve?

Moving dust and debris upward toward the nasal cavity Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the respiratory system consists of smaller structures that assist in air passage?

Bronchioles Signup and view all the answers

What can occur if the epiglottis fails to function properly?

Aspiration of food into the trachea Signup and view all the answers

During inhalation, which of the following describes how air is prepared for use by the body?

Warmed, moistened, and filtered Signup and view all the answers

What role do alveoli play in the respiratory system?

Acting as the primary site for gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nasal mucous membrane?

To filter, warm, and moisturize the air Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the pharynx contains the adenoids?

Nasopharynx Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if the respiratory system fails to function properly?

Rapid cell death due to oxygen starvation Signup and view all the answers

What type of adventitious breath sound is characterized by a low-pitched, coarse snoring sound often heard during expiration?

Sonorous wheeze Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for voice production?

Larynx Signup and view all the answers

Which sign is least likely to be associated with severe hypoxia?

Clubbed fingers Signup and view all the answers

How does the physiological process of diffusion occur in internal respiration?

Oxygen enters cells as carbon dioxide leaves them along a concentration gradient Signup and view all the answers

In managing oxygen therapy, why is it critical to monitor the flow rate of oxygen?

To ensure the fraction of inspired oxygen is appropriate Signup and view all the answers

What should be the nurse's first action if a patient with a respiratory rate of 32 is experiencing severe shortness of breath?

Evaluate breath sounds Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can increase the risk of combustion when delivering oxygen therapy?

Allowing open flames near oxygen devices Signup and view all the answers

What best describes crackles among the types of adventitious breath sounds?

Short, discrete bubbling sounds during inspiration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential outcome of inadequate oxygen therapy in older adults?

Dehydration of mucous membranes Signup and view all the answers

What is a major concern when applying oxygen therapy to a patient with chronic pulmonary disease?

Reduction in respiratory drive Signup and view all the answers

Which abnormal sign might indicate a serious respiratory issue or hypoxia?

Bradycardia Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment finding is least likely to change during mild hypoxia?

Cyanosis Signup and view all the answers

When should a humidifier typically be used in oxygen therapy?

To avoid mucous membrane drying Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a pleural friction rub sound?

Low-pitched creaking noises heard during respiration Signup and view all the answers

When delivering oxygen therapy, why is it necessary to post warning signs like 'OXYGEN IN USE'?

To prevent combustion risks Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by a respiratory rate of 32 breaths per minute in a patient?

Possible acute respiratory distress Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for conducting a comprehensive respiratory assessment in a patient?

To identify abnormalities and possible causes of respiratory distress Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following imaging techniques is primarily used to visualize the thoracic cavity and identify pulmonary lesions?

Chest X-Ray Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected role of a bronchodilator in respiratory care?

To alleviate airway obstruction or narrowing Signup and view all the answers

In which situation should the nurse notify the physician regarding a patient’s respiratory status?

Only after all possible interventions have been attempted Signup and view all the answers

Which pulmonary imaging technique is specifically designed to assess the presence of pulmonary embolism?

Ventilation-perfusion scan Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key assessments made during a pulmonary function test?

Measuring lung volume and gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper nursing intervention after a bronchoscopy to ensure patient safety?

Monitor for signs of laryngeal edema or spasms Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure involves the use of an endoscope to obtain a biopsy of lymph nodes?

Mediastinoscopy Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lung imaging provides a cross-sectional view of lung tissues?

Computed Tomography (CT) Scan Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to obtain informed consent before a bronchoscopy?

To confirm that the patient is aware of the procedure and its risks Signup and view all the answers

What are the expected findings in a normal ventilation-perfusion scan?

Equal radioactivity indicating normal function Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment is essential before conducting a lung volume test?

Ensuring the patient is NPO Signup and view all the answers

What are the normal ranges for arterial blood gas pH levels?

7.35-7.45 Signup and view all the answers

Which anticoagulant management is recommended if the patient experiences bleeding?

Maintain pressure for 20 minutes or longer Signup and view all the answers

What are the most common diagnostic tests performed on sputum samples?

Gram stain, and culture and sensitivity Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bronchoscope is most commonly used in a bronchoscopy procedure?

Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope Signup and view all the answers

Identify the correct range for PaCO2 in normal arterial blood gas results.

35-45 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

What is a key focus of the nursing assessment for a patient with a respiratory disorder?

Evaluating respiratory function Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for SaO2 in arterial blood gas results?

95% Signup and view all the answers

Which blood gas value indicates an adequate level of oxygen in arterial blood?

PaO2: 80-100 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of collecting a sputum specimen?

For microscopic evaluation and culture. Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is necessary for ensuring an adequate sputum sample is collected?

Instruct the patient to cough and expectorate into a sterile container. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum amount of fluid that can be safely removed during a thoracentesis?

1300 mL Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario would a lung biopsy be indicated?

When pulmonary disease cannot be diagnosed by other procedures. Signup and view all the answers

How is arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis helpful in respiratory conditions?

It evaluates lung function and acid-base balance. Signup and view all the answers

What should be performed before arterial blood gas sampling to ensure proper circulation?

The Allen’s test. Signup and view all the answers

What are normal values for arterial blood gas pH?

7.35-7.45 Signup and view all the answers

What nursing intervention is important to minimize complications after thoracentesis?

Monitor vital signs and respiratory status. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about sputum collection is true?

The patient should be advised to rinse their mouth before expectorating. Signup and view all the answers

In metabolic acidosis, what happens to the HCO3- levels and pH?

HCO3- decreases, pH decreases. Signup and view all the answers

Which is a nursing responsibility during a lung biopsy procedure?

To explain the procedure and obtain written consent. Signup and view all the answers

What should the nurse instruct patients to do before taking an arterial blood gas sample?

Rest their arm in a comfortable position. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Oxygen Therapy Overview

Oxygen therapy enhances tissue oxygenation, vital for patients with respiratory issues.
Common delivery devices include nasal cannulas, nasal catheters, and various oxygen masks.

Techniques for Airway Management

Effective coughing techniques are essential for maintaining a patent airway.
Implementation of suctioning aids in clearing secretions and preventing airway obstruction.

Venturi Mask

The Venturi mask precisely controls oxygen concentration, suitable for patients needing specific oxygen levels.

Safety Precautions

Adhering to safety protocols is crucial in both clinical and home environments to prevent complications.

Hypoxia Indicators

Signs and symptoms of hypoxia encompass neurological changes, vital sign alterations, cardiac dysrhythmias, and changes in mucous membrane color.
Distinction between early and later signs of hypoxia is important for timely intervention.

Oxygen Therapy in COPD

Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) require lower oxygen concentrations to avoid respiratory center suppression.

Airway Maintenance

Endotracheal tubes are designated for short-term airway management.
Tracheostomy is implemented for long-term airway maintenance and can utilize cuffed or non-cuffed tubes depending on patient needs.

Tracheostomy Care

Tracheostomy care and suctioning can be performed by healthcare professionals, patients, or caregivers, and should always maintain sterile technique.
A tracheostomy collar is used to deliver oxygen to individuals with a tracheostomy in place.

Suctioning Techniques

The Yankauer suction catheter is specifically designed for oropharyngeal suctioning, essential for maintaining airway clearance.

Respiratory System Functions

Primary role is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the alveolar-capillary level.
The alveolus is the key structure where gas exchange takes place.

Respiratory Mechanics

One respiration consists of one inspiration (inhalation) plus one expiration (exhalation).
Breathing requires pressure changes within the thoracic cavity to occur effectively.
Lung expansion and contraction are influenced by musculoskeletal and neurological functions alongside physiological conditions.

Air Preparation

Inhaled air is warmed, moistened, and filtered to prepare it for body use.

Activity Tolerance

Decreased oxygenation and ventilation affect overall activity tolerance.
Anxiety worsens pulmonary disorders, increasing oxygen demand in the body.

Breathing Techniques

Breathing exercises enhance ventilation and can include:
- Elevating the head and chest to maintain airway openness.
- Deep breathing and coughing exercises to improve lung expansion.
- Pursed-lip breathing to reduce the effort required for breathing.

Hydration and Humidity

Adequate fluid intake and humidity are crucial for moistening secretions, aiding in their clearance from the airways.

Psychosocial Considerations

Patients with laryngectomy require thorough psychosocial assessment due to vocal loss and potential neck/face disfigurement.

TB Diagnostics

QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT-G) is a blood test approved by the FDA in May 2005 for diagnosing latent TB infection and active TB.
QFT-G may offer greater specificity compared to traditional PPD skin tests.

SARS Information

SARS is a serious acute respiratory infection caused by a coronavirus.
Individuals suspected of having SARS should be placed in respiratory isolation, using appropriate disposable particulate respirators to protect others.

Introduction to the Respiratory System

The respiratory system enables oxygen exchange for cellular respiration, vital for sustaining life.
Understanding respiratory anatomy and physiology is crucial for nursing practice, especially in critical care settings.
Nurses must perform various roles, including care for patients in diverse environments, requiring proficiency in respiratory assessment.

Respiratory System Functions and Anatomy

External Respiration: Gas exchange between lungs and environment; air is inhaled, warmed, filtered, and moistened.
Internal Respiration: Gas exchange at the cellular level; oxygen enters cells while carbon dioxide exits, facilitated by diffusion.
Upper Respiratory Tract Components:
- Nose: Filters, warms, and moistens air; contains nasal septum and turbinates to optimize surface area.
- Pharynx: Serves as a passage for air and food; subdivided into nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
- Larynx: Connects pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords and is protected by the epiglottis to prevent food entry.
- Trachea: Tube with C-shaped cartilage rings, leading to bronchi; lined with cilia and mucus to trap debris.

Lower Respiratory Tract Components

Bronchial Tree:
- Right bronchus is larger and more vertical, prone to aspiration; left bronchus is smaller and slightly horizontal.
Bronchioles: Smaller branches of bronchi leading to alveoli.
Alveoli: Main site of gas exchange; thin-walled and surrounded by capillaries; coated with surfactant to prevent collapse.

Mechanics and Regulation of Breathing

Thoracic Cavity:
- Contains lungs situated within the mediastinum; surrounded by pleura which produces serous fluid for lubrication.
Regulation of Respiration: Governed by the medulla oblongata and pons, influenced by chemoreceptors responding to pH and gas levels in the blood.

Respiratory Assessment and Oxygen Therapy

Comprehensive assessment needed for patients with respiratory issues; crucial for managing acute and chronic conditions.
Subjective Data: Cough characteristics, shortness of breath (SOB) or dyspnea on exertion (DOE), and relief measures.
Objective Data: Observations of respiratory distress, chest movement, lung auscultation for abnormal sounds (e.g., wheezes, crackles).
Hypoxia symptoms include anxiety, disorientation, cyanosis, and clubbing of fingers as hypoxia progresses.

Oxygen Therapy Essentials

Various devices available based on patient needs; nurse's competency directly affects patient outcome.
Flow rate ordered in liters per minute; the FiO2 indicates the concentration of oxygen provided.
Safety protocols include avoiding sources of combustion, proper storage of oxygen cylinders, and monitoring skin integrity when using devices.

Lifespan Considerations

Normal arterial oxygen levels decline with age; older adults are more susceptible to skin irritation from oxygen devices.
Careful monitoring and adjustments in therapy may be required to avoid respiratory drive complications in patients with chronic lung issues.

Summary

Reviewed respiratory system anatomy and assessment techniques.
Importance of understanding both upper and lower respiratory systems for effective nursing care.### Early Interventions to Prevent Impairment
Loosening straps can help prevent facial or pressure injuries.
Repositioning tubing ensures proper oxygen delivery and comfort.
Adding padding over ears reduces discomfort from medical devices.

Administering Oxygen

Oxygen therapy is like medication; follow the six medication rights.
Requires a healthcare provider’s order and must be critically evaluated.
The nurse is responsible for the correct administration and adjustment of oxygen flow rates.
Placement of oxygen devices can be delegated, but flow rate adjustments cannot.

Patient Considerations for Oxygen Therapy

Increased oxygen levels may alter respiratory drive in some patients.
High oxygen levels can cause pulmonary tissue scarring and blindness.
Prolonged exposure to high FiO2 can cause lung changes similar to ARDS.

Oxygen Equipment

Nasal Cannula: Insertion into nasal cavity; up to 6 L/min provides 24-44% FiO2; humidification needed above 4 L/min; assists patient mobility but risks necrosis.
Masks:
- Simple Face Mask: 5-8 L/min with 35%-55% FiO2.
- Partial-Rebreather Mask: 6-12 L/min delivering 60-90% FiO2; prevents bag collapse during inspiration.
- Non-Rebreather Mask: 6-15 L/min providing 70-100% FiO2; includes valves to prevent bag deflation.
- Venturi Mask: Delivers consistent FIO2 between 24-55%, regardless of breathing pattern.

Patient Education on Oxygen Use

Proper application of oxygen equipment and safety precautions is vital.
Avoid making unapproved adjustments to the oxygen flow rate.
Encourage mobility to promote secretion clearance.
Instruct on cough techniques, fluid intake, and oral hygiene.

Diagnostic Exams for Respiratory System

Chest X-Ray: Visualizes thoracic cavity; identifies abnormalities and pulmonary disorders.
CT Scans: Non-invasive imaging of lung tissue; used for lesions detection; may require patient teaching to ease anxiety.
Pulmonary Angiography: Contrast imaging of pulmonary vasculature to detect embolism and lesions.
Ventilation-Perfusion (V/Q) Scan: Assesses airflow and blood flow in lungs; abnormal scans suggest pulmonary embolism.

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT)

Evaluate presence and severity of respiratory disease.
Assess lung volumes, ventilation, and gas exchange via spirometry.
Includes measurements like Vital Capacity (VC), Inspiratory Capacity (IC), and Total Lung Capacity (TLC).

Surgical and Invasive Diagnostic Procedures

Mediastinoscopy: Endoscopy for lymph node biopsy using general anesthesia.
Bronchoscopy: Visualization of bronchi; allows for biopsy and secretion collection; strict patient monitoring post-procedure.
Sputum Specimen Collection: Obtained for lab analysis; proper technique necessary to ensure quality samples.

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Analysis

Essential for diagnosing and monitoring respiratory disorders.
Measures the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, along with acid-base balance.
Normal ABG Values:
- pH: 7.35-7.45
- PaCO2: 35-45 mmHg
- PaO2: 80-100 mmHg
- HCO3: 21-28 mEq/L
- SaO2: 95%

Conclusion on Summary of Oxygenation and Diagnostics

Understand key concepts of oxygen administration, equipment, and patient interaction.
Recognize diagnostic tests for respiratory assessment and their implications for patient care.
Emphasize the importance of patient education and safety during oxygen therapy and diagnostic procedures.### Method of Instruction
Lecture format with an instructor to student ratio of 1:60.
Instruction duration is 5 minutes, emphasizing large group interaction.

Student Engagement

Assess student comprehension through questions and explanations.
Address misunderstandings and provide feedback on the lesson.
Review and summarize key points of the lecture.

Main Points of Review

Key terms related to the respiratory system.
Anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system.
Nursing assessment techniques for patients with respiratory disorders.
Overview of oxygen therapy.
Common diagnostic tests for respiratory conditions.
Interpretation of arterial blood gases (ABGs).
Classroom activities to facilitate interaction and understanding of diagnostic exams and patient assessment.

Importance of Assessment

Assessing respiratory function is crucial for identifying normal and abnormal ventilation signs in patients with respiratory disorders.
The goal of care is to early detect ventilatory dysfunction, ensuring prioritized and effective patient care.

Student Evaluation

Students demonstrate accomplishment of training learning objectives (TLO) as outlined in the Individual Student Assessment Plan.
Evaluation methods consist of written tests, oral assessments, simulated performance exercises, and clinical performance evaluations.

Feedback and Remedial Training

Feedback is vital for effective learning and should be scheduled and provided post-evaluation.
Clarify previous instruction and reinforce learning during follow-up lessons.
Correct any learning and performance errors, responding to student questions.
Remedial training available "after hours" before reevaluation sessions.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz covers essential concepts of oxygen therapy, airway management techniques, and the use of specific devices like the Venturi mask. Understanding the signs of hypoxia and the importance of safety precautions in oxygen delivery is key for effective patient care. Ideal for healthcare professionals focusing on respiratory care.