week 4 Oxygen Delivery and Cascade

PaO2 is approximately 99 mmHg, and the main factor that reduces it is the dilution by CO2.

The A-a gradient is the difference between alveolar and arterial PaO2, and it increases with age (7mmHg in the young, 14mmHg in the old).

At sea level, the atmospheric pressure is 760mmHg, which results in a partial pressure of oxygen of 159mmHg (or 160mmHg), starting the oxygen cascade.

<p>At higher altitude, there is a decrease in atmospheric PaO2, affecting the whole oxygen cascade and decreasing oxygen dissolved in blood (PaO2).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen administration changes FiO2 and only affects two of the oxygen delivery variables: SaO2 and PaO2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The oxygen tension in the mitochondrial environment is usually between 1-10 mmHg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cause of hypoxemia and hypoxia, such as shunt or VQ.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low flow systems have an oxygen flow rate less than the patient's inspiratory flow rate, while high flow systems have a gas flow rate greater than the patient's inspiratory flow rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>FiO2 will be less in patients who are SOB or mouth breathers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6 L/min.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because the cuff affects the seal and delivery of oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can dry out the mucosa and make it uncomfortable for the patient to eat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reduces the FiO2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absorption Atelectasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased V/Q mismatch</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The answer is not provided in the given content. However, in general, non-rebreather face masks require humidification to prevent drying of the respiratory mucosa and to make the oxygen more comfortable to breathe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Expired gases exit through the exhalation ports.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypoxic vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The difference in the quantity of carbon dioxide carried in oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>FiO2 1.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent the reservoir bag from collapsing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CO2 is displaced by oxygen, resulting in a higher PaCO2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They cannot blow off the excess CO2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Not provided in the given content, but generally, it would be necessary to call for emergency assistance and consider alternative airway management techniques.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, which optimizes the V/Q ratio to improve gas exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>88%-92%, to avoid oxygen-induced hypercapnia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ventilation, diffusion of O2 into the blood, binding with haemoglobin, adequate cardiac output, and diffusion into the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To avoid tissue hypoxia; consider different approaches for chronic CO2 retainers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased RBC Increased lung capacity Reason for high altitude training</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Correction or prevention of hypoxemia • SaO2&lt;90%&amp;PaO2&lt;60mmHg • Respiratory Failure • Cardio-respiratory arrest • Shock • Severe Trauma • Acute myocardial infarction with low SpO2 • Anaesthesia / procedural sedation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Develops in patients with high FiO2 • N2is the most abundant gas in the alveoli • The pressure exerted by N2 splints the alveoli open • FiO2 1.0 “washes out” all the N2 • Leaves only O2 which is rapidly absorbed  alveolar collapse • Develops in &lt; 1 hr  worsening hypoxemia</p> Signup and view all the answers