Questions and Answers
What is an Obligate Aerobe?
Give an example of an Obligate Aerobe.
Mycobacterium smegmatis, Aspergillus niger, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus megaterium
What characterizes a Microaerophile?
Provide an example of a Microaerophile.
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What is true about Facultative organisms?
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Name a type of organism that is Facultative.
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Aerotolerant organisms can metabolize using O2.
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Give an example of an Aerotolerant organism.
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What defines an Obligate Anaerobe?
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Provide an example of an Obligate Anaerobe.
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Study Notes
Oxygen Classification
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Obligate Aerobes
- Require oxygen (O2) as the final electron acceptor in respiration.
- Capable of detoxifying toxic oxygen forms.
- Thrive in atmospheric oxygen levels around 20%.
- Examples include Mycobacterium smegmatis, Aspergillus niger, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus megaterium.
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Microaerophiles
- Depend on O2 for respiration, using it as the final electron acceptor.
- Possess a limited capacity to neutralize toxic forms of oxygen.
- Prefer low oxygen levels typically between 2-10%.
- A notable example is Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Facultative Anaerobes
- Utilize O2 as the final electron acceptor when available but can switch to anaerobic pathways in its absence.
- Able to use alternative electron acceptors or ferment organic materials to generate energy.
- Can detoxify toxic oxygen forms.
- Adaptable to both aerobic and anaerobic environments, though they grow more efficiently in aerobic conditions.
- Examples include Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus xylosus.
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Aerotolerant Anaerobes
- Do not utilize O2 as an electron acceptor; metabolism is strictly anaerobic.
- Can detoxify some toxic forms of oxygen.
- Capable of surviving in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
- An example is Enterococcus faecalis.
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Obligate Anaerobes
- Never use O2 as the final electron acceptor; strictly anaerobic metabolism.
- Incapable of detoxifying harmful oxygen forms.
- Exist exclusively in anaerobic environments.
- A known example is Clostridium sporogenes.
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Test your knowledge on oxygen classifications with these flashcards. Each card provides essential definitions and examples related to obligate aerobes. Perfect for biology students and anyone interested in microbiology.