Obligate Pathogens Life Cycle and Survival within Cells
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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe an organism that must live inside the cells of another organism to survive?

  • Obligate pathogen (correct)
  • Parasitic pathogen
  • Stealth pathogen
  • Facultative pathogen

Which bacterium is known as the agent of Q fever?

  • Ehrlichia chaffeensis
  • Coxiella burnetii (correct)
  • Rickettsia spp.
  • Anaplasma spp.

What is the compartment within macrophages where Coxiella burnetii replicates called?

  • Phagolysosome (correct)
  • Phagosome
  • Lysosome
  • Endosome

Which defense mechanism involves the delivery of cytosolic content, organelles, and pathogens to lysosomes?

<p>Autophagy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial site of action for Tetanus toxin (TeNT) at the neuromuscular junction?

<p>Inhibitory presynaptic terminals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is destroyed by Tetanus toxin, leading to inactivation of inhibitory neurotransmission?

<p>VAMP (synaptobrevin) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first symptom typically seen in tetanus infection?

<p>Stiffness of the jaw (lockjaw) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which exotoxin produced by S. aureus acts as a potent stimulator of the immune system?

<p>Enterotoxin B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode-of-action of Enterotoxin B produced by S. aureus?

<p>Binds directly to Vβ regions of T-cell receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What clinical symptoms can be caused by Enterotoxin B produced by S. aureus?

<p>(Toxic) shock and hypotension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between endotoxins and exotoxins?

<p>Endotoxins are soluble, while exotoxins are cell-associated (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor in humans is responsible for binding to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in endotoxins?

<p>Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Diphtheria toxin (DT) produced by C.diphtheriae?

<p>Inhibition of protein synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Cholera toxin produced by V.cholerae lead to severe diarrhea?

<p>By increasing cyclic AMP levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which family does Cholera toxin belong to?

<p>Heat-labile enterotoxin family (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism of action of Hemolysin produced by UPEC?

<p>Formation of transmembrane pores (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial species produces Diphtheria toxin, causing symptoms of diphtheria?

<p><em>Clostridium diphtheriae</em> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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