Oxidative Phosphorylation and ATP Synthesis
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Questions and Answers

In which direction do electrons flow in the electron transport chain?

  • Electrons do not flow in the electron transport chain
  • From carriers with more positive E0 to more negative E0
  • From carriers with more negative E0 to more positive E0 (correct)
  • Randomly in both directions

    • What is the number of ATP molecules generated per NADH molecule using oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor?

  • 3 ATP (correct)
  • 5 ATP
  • 4 ATP
  • 2 ATP

    • What is the primary function of the proton gradient established during oxidative phosphorylation?

  • To generate ATP through chemiosmosis (correct)
  • To reduce oxygen to water
  • To pump protons out of the cell
  • To facilitate the transport of electrons across the membrane

    • What is the mechanism by which ATP is generated from the energy released in the electron transport chain?

    <p>Oxidative phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the F1Fo ATP Synthase is responsible for proton translocation?

    <p>Fo subunit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for generating ATP from the proton motive force?

    <p>F1Fo ATP synthase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which the energy from the proton motive force is used to drive ATP synthesis?

    <p>Chemiosmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of proton movement back across the membrane during chemiosmosis?

    <p>ATP synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the bacterial electron transport chain?

    <p>Acetyl-CoA synthase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction do protons flow during the electron transport chain?

    <p>From the mitochondrial membrane to the intermembrane space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of proton movement during the electron transport chain?

    <p>Out of the mitochondrial matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net gain of ATP molecules per glucose molecule in cellular respiration?

    <p>36-38 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the c subunit ring in the F1Fo ATP Synthase?

    <p>To rotate during proton translocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the electron transport chain?

    <p>Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electron transport chain responsible for generating?

    <p>A proton gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the proton motive force generated during oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>Across the mitochondrial inner membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the F1 subunit of the F1Fo ATP Synthase?

    <p>To catalyze ATP synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the chemiosmotic hypothesis?

    <p>The establishment of a proton gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final product of denitrification in anaerobic respiration?

    <p>Nitrogen gas (N2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the proton motive force in oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>To drive ATP synthesis through the F1Fo ATP synthase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the electron transport chain in bacteria?

    <p>F1Fo ATP synthase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the rotating ring of c subunits in the F1Fo ATP synthase?

    <p>To drive ATP synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis of the Nitrite Strip Test for urinary tract infections?

    <p>Nitrate reduction to nitrite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATP molecules are generated per NADH using oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which membrane is the electron transport chain found in bacteria?

    <p>Plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemiosmotic hypothesis?

    <p>Energy released during electron transport is used to establish a proton gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Oxidative Phosphorylation

    • Energy released during electron transport is used to establish a proton gradient and charge difference across the membrane.
    • Proton motive force (PMF) drives ATP synthesis through the F1Fo ATP synthase.
    • F1Fo ATP synthase is a multiprotein complex that uses proton movement to catalyze ATP synthesis.

    F1Fo ATP Synthase

    • In bacterial F1Fo ATP synthase, the proton channel is in the F0 subunit.
    • Rotating ring of c subunits drives ATP synthesis.

    Electron Transport Chain

    • Electrons from NADH and FADH2 generated by the oxidation of organic substrates are transferred through a series of membrane-bound electron carriers.
    • Electron carriers include cytochromes and quinones, and are found in the mitochondrial membrane in Eukarya and plasma membrane in Bacteria and Archaea.
    • Electrons flow from carriers with more negative E0 to more positive E0, releasing energy used to make ATP by oxidative phosphorylation.
    • 3 ATP can be generated per NADH using O2 as the terminal electron acceptor.

    Anaerobic Respiration Example

    • Denitrification: Nitrate (NO3-) as terminal electron acceptor, reduced to nitrogen gas (N2).
    • Paracoccus denitrificans: Facultative anaerobe in soil, depletes soil N, lower crop yield.
    • Escherichia coli: Facultative anaerobe, can use Nitrate as e- acceptor, Nitrate first reduced to Nitrite, basis of Nitrite Strip Test - diagnostic for Urinary Tract Infections (UTI).

    TCA Cycle and Electron Transport

    • Pyruvate is oxidized to form Acetyl CoA, releasing a CO2 and producing a high-energy thioester bond.
    • TCA cycle produces more oxidations, forming NADH and FADH2.
    • Net yield of 2 ATP molecules synthesized directly from the oxidation of glucose.
    • Most ATP is made when NADH and FADH2 are oxidized in electron transport chains.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the process of oxidative phosphorylation, including the chemiosmotic hypothesis and how proton motive force drives ATP synthesis.

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