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Questions and Answers
What is the oxidation number of nitrogen in ammonia (NH₃)?
What is the oxidation number of nitrogen in ammonia (NH₃)?
- -1
- -2
- 0
- -3 (correct)
In the sulfate ion (SO₄²⁻), what is the overall sum of oxidation numbers?
In the sulfate ion (SO₄²⁻), what is the overall sum of oxidation numbers?
- 0
- -2 (correct)
- -4
- 2
In the reaction 2Na + Cl₂ → 2NaCl, what happens to sodium (Na)?
In the reaction 2Na + Cl₂ → 2NaCl, what happens to sodium (Na)?
- -2
- 0
- 1 (correct)
- -1
What is the oxidation number of sulfur in the sulfate ion (SO₄²⁻)?
What is the oxidation number of sulfur in the sulfate ion (SO₄²⁻)?
How are oxidation numbers used in redox reactions?
How are oxidation numbers used in redox reactions?
What is the purpose of assigning oxidation numbers to elements in compounds?
What is the purpose of assigning oxidation numbers to elements in compounds?
What is the oxidation number of oxygen in water (H₂O)?
What is the oxidation number of oxygen in water (H₂O)?
In balancing redox reactions, what must be equal?
In balancing redox reactions, what must be equal?
Which process uses oxidation numbers in its operations?
Which process uses oxidation numbers in its operations?
In a redox reaction, an increase in oxidation number indicates what?
In a redox reaction, an increase in oxidation number indicates what?
What is the oxidation number of an atom in its elemental form?
What is the oxidation number of an atom in its elemental form?
What is the oxidation number of a monatomic ion?
What is the oxidation number of a monatomic ion?
In compounds, what is the typical oxidation number of hydrogen?
In compounds, what is the typical oxidation number of hydrogen?
What is the oxidation number of oxygen in most compounds?
What is the oxidation number of oxygen in most compounds?
What happens to the sum of oxidation numbers in a neutral compound?
What happens to the sum of oxidation numbers in a neutral compound?
What is the oxidation number of the oxygen atom in hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)?
What is the oxidation number of the oxygen atom in hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)?
When bonded with metals, what is the oxidation number of hydrogen?
When bonded with metals, what is the oxidation number of hydrogen?
What is the oxidation number of carbon in methane (CH₄)?
What is the oxidation number of carbon in methane (CH₄)?
Which of the following is a rule for assigning oxidation numbers?
Which of the following is a rule for assigning oxidation numbers?
In which case does oxygen have an oxidation number of +1?
In which case does oxygen have an oxidation number of +1?
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Study Notes
Oxidation Numbers
- Oxidation numbers represent the hypothetical charge an atom would have in a compound if all bonds were ionic.
- Helpful for understanding electron flow in redox reactions.
Assigning Oxidation Numbers
- The oxidation number of an element in its elemental form is zero.
- The oxidation number of a monatomic ion is equal to its charge.
- Hydrogen has an oxidation number of +1 in compounds, except with metals.
- Oxygen usually has an oxidation number of -2, exceptions are in peroxides (-1) and compounds with fluorine.
- The sum of oxidation numbers in a neutral compound is zero.
- The sum of oxidation numbers in a polyatomic ion equals the charge of the ion.
Oxidation Numbers in Redox Reactions
- Oxidation: Atom's oxidation number increases, loss of electrons.
- Reduction: Atom's oxidation number decreases, gain of electrons.
Applications of Oxidation Numbers
- Industrial Processes:
- Electroplating: Controlling metal deposition by understanding redox reactions.
- Corrosion prevention: Studying oxidation numbers to prevent rusting (oxidation of iron).
- Environmental Science:
- Water treatment: Using oxidation numbers to understand contaminant removal using redox reactions.
- Biogeochemical cycles: Examining oxidation states of elements like nitrogen and sulfur.
- Medicine:
- Redox reactions in metabolism: Understanding metabolic pathways like cellular respiration using oxidation numbers.
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