Oxidation and Reduction in Chemical Reactions

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What is the role of the electron receptor in a redox reaction?

It is a catalyst for the reaction

It is the oxidizing agent (correct)

It is the reducing agent

It doesn't participate in the reaction

What is the net result of the oxidation of organic fuel molecules during cellular respiration?

Energy remains constant, and ATP is unchanged

Energy is stored, and ATP is reduced

Energy is consumed, and ATP is broken down

Energy is released, and ATP is synthesized (correct)

What is the function of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

It acts as a reducing agent to donate electrons

It acts as an energy storage molecule

It acts as a catalyst to speed up the reaction

It acts as an oxidizing agent to accept electrons (correct)

What is the significance of organic molecules with an abundance of hydrogen?

They are excellent sources of high-energy electrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the stepwise energy harvest via NAD+ and the electron transport chain?

Energy is stored in ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

It is the final electron acceptor Signup and view all the answers

Where is the electron transport chain primarily located in the mitochondrion?

Inner membrane (cristae) Signup and view all the answers

What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Oxygen (O2) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the electron transport chain in terms of ATP production?

No ATP production Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the electron transport chain in terms of energy release?

To break down a large free-energy drop into smaller steps Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecules are the majority of the electron transport chain components?

Proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cytochromes in the electron transport chain?

To transfer electrons Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when oxygen is absent in cellular respiration?

Glycolysis couples with anaerobic respiration or fermentation Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of anaerobic respiration in cellular respiration?

To use an electron transport chain with a final electron acceptor other than oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fermentation in cellular respiration?

To regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of the first step in alcohol fermentation?

CO2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of yeast in fermentation?

To carry out alcohol fermentation in brewing, winemaking, and baking Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between anaerobic respiration and fermentation?

The type of electron acceptor used Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction catalyzed by phosphoglyceromutase?

3-Phosphoglycerate Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the energy payoff phase of glycolysis?

To generate ATP and NADH Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate to 3-Phosphoglycerate?

Phosphoglycerokinase Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of the reaction catalyzed by triose phosphate dehydrogenase?

NADH Signup and view all the answers

What is the reactant of the reaction catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate kinase?

Phosphoenolpyruvate Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate isomerase?

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of glycolysis in the context of cellular respiration?

To convert glucose into pyruvate, generating a small amount of ATP and NADH Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of feedback inhibition in the regulation of cellular respiration?

To slow down respiration when there is plenty of ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of small molecules used in biosynthesis?

Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of phosphofructokinase in glycolysis?

To convert fructose 6-phosphate into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of regulating the activity of enzymes in the catabolic pathway?

To control the breakdown of organic molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the body's use of small molecules from food to build other molecules?

The formation of new molecules such as proteins and carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of ATP molecules produced per glucose molecule during cellular respiration?

30 or 32 Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of cellular respiration do electrons passed to NAD+ and FAD contribute to the proton-motive force?

Oxidative phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

What type of phosphorylation occurs during the citric acid cycle?

Substrate-level phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

Where do the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis take place?

Mitochondrial inner membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of ATP production in cellular respiration?

Oxidative phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

What is the net ATP yield from the citric acid cycle?

2 ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of glycolysis that is used in the citric acid cycle?

Pyruvate Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of electron shuttles in the electron transport chain?

To span the mitochondrial inner membrane Signup and view all the answers

How many molecules of ATP are produced per molecule of glucose degraded to CO2 and water by respiration?

32 Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of ATP production in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?