24.5 Production of Filtrate Within The Renal Corpuscle
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Questions and Answers

What is the relationship between HPg (Hydrostatic Pressure in the glomerulus) and NFP (Net Filtration Pressure)?

  • The relationship is inverse, as an increase in HPg leads to a decrease in NFP. (correct)
  • The relationship is complex, as it depends on other factors not mentioned in the text.
  • The relationship is direct, as an increase in HPg leads to an increase in NFP.
  • The relationship is independent, as HPg and NFP are not related.

    • What are the two main types of controls that regulate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

  • Reabsorption and excretion regulation
  • Afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole regulation
  • Intrinsic and extrinsic controls (correct)
  • Nervous system and hormonal regulation

    • Which of the following is an example of an intrinsic control mechanism that regulates GFR?

  • Hormonal regulation
  • Atrial natriuretic peptide
  • Sympathetic nervous system stimulation
  • Renal autoregulation (correct)

    • What is the effect of sympathetic division stimulation on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

    <p>Sympathetic stimulation decreases GFR.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

    <p>ANP increases GFR.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) tightly regulated?

    <p>To control the amount of substances reabsorbed into the blood and excreted in the urine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the movement of solutes from the blood into the tubular fluid?

    <p>Tubular secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of tubular reabsorption?

    <p>To return vital solutes and water to the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about the relationship between tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion?

    <p>They involve the movement of materials in opposite directions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of tubular secretion?

    <p>To selectively move materials into the tubules for elimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is primarily responsible for the formation of urine?

    <p>All three processes contribute equally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about the relative amounts of tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion?

    <p>There is generally more tubular reabsorption than tubular secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of increased sympathetic stimulation on the kidneys?

    <p>Decreases blood flow into the glomeruli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of renal autoregulation?

    <p>To produce urine at a constant rate despite fluctuations in systemic blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the extrinsic controls on glomerular filtration rate described in the text?

    <p>To adjust urine output based on physiological need</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two mechanisms by which renal autoregulation functions?

    <p>Myogenic response and tubuloglomerular feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) stimulation on glomerular filtration rate?

    <p>Increases GFR through vasodilation of the afferent arteriole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of mean arterial pressure (MAP) over which renal autoregulation is effective?

    <p>80-180 mm Hg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which sympathetic stimulation decreases GFR?

    <p>Decreased blood flow into the glomeruli due to vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the myogenic response contribute to renal autoregulation?

    <p>By causing vasoconstriction in response to decreased blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism contribute to renal autoregulation?

    <p>By decreasing the filtration surface area in response to increased blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physiological stimulus that triggers increased sympathetic stimulation of the kidneys?

    <p>Exercise or emergency situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the intrinsic and extrinsic control mechanisms of GFR differ?

    <p>Intrinsic controls maintain GFR within normal limits, while extrinsic controls change GFR to adjust urine output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the figures in the text?

    <p>To demonstrate the role of the myogenic response and tubuloglomerular feedback in renal autoregulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the amount of substances in the tubular fluid when the filtrate amount increases?

    <p>They increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of macula densa cells in the nephron?

    <p>Measure NaCl levels in the tubular fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an increase in glomerular hydrostatic pressure (HPg) affect substances in the tubular filtrate?

    <p>Substances increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of an increase in NFP (Net Filtration Pressure) on substances in the tubular fluid?

    <p>More substances remain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a decrease in HPg affect substances in the tubular filtrate?

    <p>Substances decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the JG apparatus in monitoring filtrate formation?

    <p>Monitor the amount of filtrate formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect on the value of NFP if HPg decreases from 65 mm Hg to 55 mm Hg?

    <p>The NFP decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the macula densa cells play in the regulation of blood pressure in the glomerulus?

    <p>Indirectly measure blood pressure in the glomerulus through NaCl levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an increase in glomerular hydrostatic pressure (HPg) affect the rate of reabsorption in the tubules?

    <p>Increases the rate of reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are NaCl levels in tubular fluid related to glomerular hydrostatic pressure (HPg)?

    <p>NaCl levels increase as HPg increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the amount of filtrate formed increases, what is the likely effect on NaCl levels in the tubular fluid?

    <p>NaCl levels increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to NFP if glomerular hydrostatic pressure (HPg) and capsular hydrostatic pressure (HPc) both increase by 5 mm Hg each?

    <p>NFP increases by 5 mm Hg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on mesangial cells?

    <p>Induces contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) affect the afferent arteriole?

    <p>Causes vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of angiotensin II in the context of GFR?

    <p>Causes a decrease in GFR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) impact glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

    <p>Increases GFR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adjustments allow the body to conserve fluid under conditions of sympathetic activation?

    <p>Contraction of mesangial cells and vasoconstriction of afferent arteriole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from atrial cardiac muscle cells?

    <p>Distension of atrial chambers due to increased blood volume return or blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of proteins are generally not filtered across the filtration membrane?

    <p>Negatively charged proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the filtrate caught before being funneled into the proximal convoluted tubule?

    <p>Renal corpuscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function do mesangial cells perform in the kidney related to filtration membrane?

    <p>Phagocytize macromolecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to substances that are not filtered across the filtration membrane?

    <p>They exit through the efferent arteriole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are substances like antigen-antibody complexes removed from the basement membrane?

    <p>By phagocytosis of mesangial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can damage the filtration membrane according to the text?

    <p>Certain diseases and heavy metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substances are freely filtered through the glomerular filtration membrane?

    <p>Water, glucose, amino acids, and small ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to substances that are not filtered through the glomerular filtration membrane?

    <p>They remain in the blood plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mesangial cells in the glomerulus?

    <p>To phagocytize or remove debris from the glomerulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate daily volume of filtrate produced by the kidneys?

    <p>180 L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of the glomerular filtration membrane prevents large proteins from being filtered?

    <p>Both the negative charge and small openings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances would be considered filtered in a limited way by the glomerulus?

    <p>Hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

    <p>Increases GFR by relaxing the mesangial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism in renal autoregulation?

    <p>To maintain GFR within a normal range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the information provided, over what range of mean arterial pressure (MAP) is renal autoregulation effective?

    <p>80-180 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which sympathetic stimulation decreases the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

    <p>Constriction of the afferent arteriole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the extrinsic controls on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) described in the text?

    <p>To regulate fluid balance and blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which renal autoregulation maintains the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) when mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreases?

    <p>Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole</p> Signup and view all the answers

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