Nervous System Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for integration of simple responses and transmitting information to and from the brain?

  • Somatic sensory division
  • Autonomic motor division
  • Central nervous system (correct)
  • Peripheral nervous system

Which part of the peripheral nervous system carries messages away from the CNS to effectors like muscles and glands?

  • Sympathetic division
  • Visceral sensory division
  • Somatic sensory division
  • Somatic motor division (correct)

What type of neurons carry input from sensory organs towards the CNS?

  • Interneurons
  • Sensory (afferent) neurons (correct)
  • Motor neurons
  • Autonomic neurons

Which division of the autonomic motor division is responsible for the 'rest and digest' response?

<p>Parasympathetic division (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the PNS receives input from skin, fascia, joints, skeletal muscle, and special senses?

<p>Somatic sensory division (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the nervous system, what are bundles of axons of motor and sensory neurons known as?

<p>Nerves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for controlling effectors like muscles and glands?

<p>Central nervous system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of neurons are found exclusively in the CNS?

<p>Interneurons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the PNS innervates skeletal muscles?

<p>Somatic motor division (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for perception, integration of input, emotion, memory?

<p>Central nervous system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of dendrites in a neuron?

<p>Receive input and generate graded potentials (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell wraps around portions of multiple axons in the CNS to form myelination?

<p>Oligodendrocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the nervous system, where does integration of sensory information occur?

<p>In the CNS (brain or spinal cord) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which glial cells in the PNS support neuron cell bodies within ganglia?

<p>Satellite cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the action potential originate in a neuron?

<p>Axon hillock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of astrocytes in the CNS?

<p>Induce the blood-brain barrier (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a neuron carries electrical signals away from the cell body?

<p>Axon terminals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ependymal cells in the nervous system?

<p>Help circulate cerebrospinal fluid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Schwann cells do when an axon of a peripheral neuron is damaged?

<p>Wrap around a short segment of a single axon to provide myelination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of microglia in the CNS?

<p>Migrate to phagocytose debris and waste (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following divisions of the nervous system with their primary functions:

<p>Central Nervous System (CNS) = Integration of input, emotion, memory Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) = Consists of nerves and sensory structures Sensory (afferent) neurons = Carry input from sensory organs towards the CNS Motor (efferent) neurons = Carry messages away from the CNS to effectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following sensory divisions of the PNS with their respective inputs:

<p>Somatic sensory division = Receives input from skin, fascia, joints, skeletal muscle, and special senses Visceral sensory division = Receives input from viscera (e.g. internal organs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following motor divisions of the PNS with their respective effectors:

<p>Somatic motor division = Innervates skeletal muscle (voluntary effector) Autonomic motor division = Innervates cardiac and smooth muscle and glands (involuntary effectors)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following autonomic divisions with their responses:

<p>Sympathetic division = 'Fight or flight' response Parasympathetic division = 'Rest and digest' response</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parts of the CNS with their functions:

<p>Brain = Involved in perception, integration of input, emotion, memory Spinal cord = Integration of simple responses and transmits information to and from brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parts of a neuron with their functions:

<p>Cell body = Receives input; location for most organelles Dendrites = Receive input; graded potentials occur here Axon = Carries electrical signals away from the cell body; action potentials occur here Axon terminals = Release neurotransmitters to communicate with the target cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following glial cells with their functions in the nervous system:

<p>Satellite cells = Support neuron cell bodies within ganglia of the PNS Schwann cell = Wraps around axon forming myelin; aids in regeneration of damaged neurons Oligodendrocytes = Wrap around portions of multiple axons to form myelination in the CNS Microglia = Resident immune cells that phagocytose debris, waste, pathogens in the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following sensory structures/components with their roles in the response pathway:

<p>Sensory receptors in eyes = Detect light stimuli Mechanoreceptors in skin = Detect touch/pressure stimuli Sensory neurons = Transmit input to the CNS Motor neurons = Send commands to effectors like muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following glial cells with their roles in regulating neuron environment:

<p>Ependymal cells = Line ventricles of the brain and spinal cord; help circulate cerebral spinal fluid Astrocytes = Regulate neuron environment by removing excess K+ and taking up neurotransmitters Oligodendrocytes = Form myelination to speed up conduction in the CNS Microglia = Migrate through CNS to phagocytose debris, waste, pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nerve cell parts with their functions:

<p>Axon hillock = Portion near cell body where action potential originates Cell body = Location for most organelles; receives input Dendrites = Highly branched extensions that receive input; graded potentials occur here Axon terminals = Bulges at end of axon that release neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

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