Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary movements?
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary movements?
What structure serves as the connection point where two neurons communicate?
What structure serves as the connection point where two neurons communicate?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the central nervous system?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the central nervous system?
Which term describes a protective layer that aids in the fast transmission of signals along an axon?
Which term describes a protective layer that aids in the fast transmission of signals along an axon?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of neuron sends signals away from the central nervous system?
What type of neuron sends signals away from the central nervous system?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following conditions is characterized by recurrent seizures of unknown cause?
Which of the following conditions is characterized by recurrent seizures of unknown cause?
Signup and view all the answers
In the context of nervous system organization, which structure is NOT part of the peripheral nervous system?
In the context of nervous system organization, which structure is NOT part of the peripheral nervous system?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes a phobia?
Which of the following best describes a phobia?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the basic functional unit of the nervous system?
What is the basic functional unit of the nervous system?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure is responsible for involuntary activities in the human body?
Which structure is responsible for involuntary activities in the human body?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the junction between two neurons called?
What is the junction between two neurons called?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for coordination and balance?
Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for coordination and balance?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for carrying impulses toward the CNS?
What is the term for carrying impulses toward the CNS?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most likely diagnosis for a 52-year-old male with sudden weakness on one side and slurred speech?
What is the most likely diagnosis for a 52-year-old male with sudden weakness on one side and slurred speech?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the nervous system is primarily affected when a stroke occurs?
Which part of the nervous system is primarily affected when a stroke occurs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the definition of 'myelin'?
What is the definition of 'myelin'?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of signals do mixed nerves carry?
What type of signals do mixed nerves carry?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for controlling involuntary functions?
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for controlling involuntary functions?
Signup and view all the answers
What are efferent neurons primarily responsible for?
What are efferent neurons primarily responsible for?
Signup and view all the answers
Which subdivision of the autonomic nervous system is primarily involved in the 'fight or flight' response?
Which subdivision of the autonomic nervous system is primarily involved in the 'fight or flight' response?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the term 'afferent' refer to in nervous system terminology?
What does the term 'afferent' refer to in nervous system terminology?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes cerebrospinal fluid?
Which of the following best describes cerebrospinal fluid?
Signup and view all the answers
Where is the central nervous system located?
Where is the central nervous system located?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following functions is NOT typically regulated by the autonomic nervous system?
Which of the following functions is NOT typically regulated by the autonomic nervous system?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?
What is the primary function of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes a reflex?
Which of the following best describes a reflex?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term refers to a tumor of a ganglion?
Which term refers to a tumor of a ganglion?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition is characterized by the absence of a brain?
What condition is characterized by the absence of a brain?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term describes a state of deep unconsciousness from which one cannot be roused?
Which term describes a state of deep unconsciousness from which one cannot be roused?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition involves a gradual and usually irreversible loss of intellectual function?
What condition involves a gradual and usually irreversible loss of intellectual function?
Signup and view all the answers
Which diagnostic procedure is used to amplify and record the brain's electrical activity?
Which diagnostic procedure is used to amplify and record the brain's electrical activity?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the defining characteristic of schizophrenia?
What is the defining characteristic of schizophrenia?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following definitions corresponds to a chemical that transmits signals across a synapse?
Which of the following definitions corresponds to a chemical that transmits signals across a synapse?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term refers to a series of violent, involuntary muscle contractions?
Which term refers to a series of violent, involuntary muscle contractions?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Overview of the Nervous System
- The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
- The nervous system controls and coordinates body activities by transmitting signals between different parts of the body
- The peripheral nervous system is divided into the somatic nervous system, which controls voluntary movements, and the autonomic nervous system, which regulates involuntary activities
Anatomic Divisions of the Nervous System
-
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- Cranial nerves
- Spinal nerves
-
Central Nervous System (CNS)
-
Brain:
- Cerebrum (memory, reasoning)
- Diencephalon (sensory relay, hormone control)
- Brainstem (vital functions)
- Cerebellum (coordination, balance)
-
Spinal Cord:
- Extends from the brainstem to the lower back
- Connects to 31 pairs of nerves for sensory and motor control
-
Brain:
The Neuron
- Neurons are the functional units of the nervous system
- Neuron structure: cell body, dendrites, and an axon
- Dendrites bring signals to the cell body; axons send them away
- Myelin covers some axons, helping signals travel faster; myelinated axons make up white matter, and unmyelinated ones form gray matter.
- Sensory neurons send signals to the CNS, while motor neurons send them away from the CNS
- A synapse is a connection between two neurons to pass signals using neurotransmitters.
Nerves
- Nerves are bundles of neuron fibers in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
- A ganglion is a collection of neuron cell bodies along a nerve pathway
- Some nerves carry only sensory or motor signals, but most are mixed nerves, carrying both types of signals
Autonomic Nervous System
- Controls involuntary functions
- Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
- Both sympathetic and parasympathetic originate from the brain, brainstem and spinal cord.
Terminology
- Afferent: Carrying toward a given point, such as the sensory neurons and nerves that carry in toward the CNS
- Efferent: Carrying away from a given point, such as the motor neurons and nerves that carry away from the CNS
- Autonomic nervous system: Regulates involuntary activities, controlling muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands
- Central nervous system: The brain and spinal cord
- Cerebrospinal fluid: The watery fluid that circulates in and around the brain and spinal cord for protecting the brain and spinal cord
- Synapse: The junction between two neurons
- Reflex: A simple, rapid, and automatic response to a stimulus
- Neurotransmitter: A chemical that transmits energy across a synapse.
Root Meanings and Examples
- neur/o, neur/i: nervous system, nervous tissue, nerve
- gli/o: neuroglia
- gangli/o, ganglion/o: ganglion
- mening/o, meninge/o: meninges
- myel/o: spinal cord (also bone marrow)
- encephal/o: brain
- narc/o: stupor, unconsciousness
- -phobia: persistent, irrational fear
Some Related Terms
- Amyloid: A starch-like substance that accumulates in the brain
- Coma: State of deep unconsciousness
- Concussion: Injury from a violent blow or shock
- Convulsion: A series of violent, involuntary muscle contractions
- Dementia: A gradual and usually irreversible loss of intellectual function
- Encephalitis: Inflammation of the brain
- Epilepsy: A chronic disease involving periodic sudden bursts of electric activity from the brain, resulting in seizures
- Parkinsonism: A disorder originating in the brain's basal ganglia, characterized by slow movements, tremor, rigidity, and mask-like face
- Paralysis: Temporary or permanent loss of function, movement or reflexes
- Alzheimer disease: A form of dementia caused by atrophy of the cerebral cortex
- Tremor: A shaking or involuntary movement
- Anxiety: A feeling of fear, worry, uneasiness, or dread
- Schizophrenia: A poorly understood group of severe mental disorders with features of psychosis, delusions, hallucinations, and withdrawn or bizarre behavior
- Depression: A mental state characterized by profound feelings of sadness, emptiness, hopelessness, and lack of interest or pleasure in activities
Diagnostics and Treatment Terms
- Electroencephalography (EEG): Amplification, recording, and interpretation of the brain's electric activity
- Cerebral angiography: Radiographic study of the brain's blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium
Case Study
- Most likely diagnosis: Stroke
- Part of the nervous system affected: Central nervous system
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz explores the key components and functions of the nervous system, including the divisions of the central and peripheral nervous systems. It covers the anatomy of the brain, spinal cord, and the role of neurons in transmitting signals throughout the body. Test your knowledge of how these systems coordinate and control body activities.
