Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which principle emphasizes preventing harm and reducing harm?
Which principle emphasizes preventing harm and reducing harm?
- Justice
- Autonomy
- Non-maleficence (correct)
- Beneficence
Patient consent is necessary for all forms of disclosure.
Patient consent is necessary for all forms of disclosure.
False (B)
What is the greatest happiness principle associated with?
What is the greatest happiness principle associated with?
John Stuart Mill
The ______ principle focuses on being fair in the distribution of risks and benefits.
The ______ principle focuses on being fair in the distribution of risks and benefits.
Match the following ethical principles with their descriptions:
Match the following ethical principles with their descriptions:
Which of the following diseases must be reported to WHO?
Which of the following diseases must be reported to WHO?
Disclosure of patient information can continue after the patient's death.
Disclosure of patient information can continue after the patient's death.
What should be kept to a necessary minimum during disclosure?
What should be kept to a necessary minimum during disclosure?
The introduction of ethics teaching followed the ______ Report in 1986.
The introduction of ethics teaching followed the ______ Report in 1986.
Which ethical theory focuses on the consequences of actions?
Which ethical theory focuses on the consequences of actions?
What does normative ethics focus on?
What does normative ethics focus on?
Ethical arguments are only based on deductive reasoning.
Ethical arguments are only based on deductive reasoning.
What is the doctrine of dual effect?
What is the doctrine of dual effect?
Ethics defines what is good for individuals and ______.
Ethics defines what is good for individuals and ______.
Match the types of ethical reasoning with their descriptions:
Match the types of ethical reasoning with their descriptions:
Which of the following is an example of an ethical fallacy?
Which of the following is an example of an ethical fallacy?
Laws always cover every ethical eventuality.
Laws always cover every ethical eventuality.
What distinguishes morality from ethics?
What distinguishes morality from ethics?
The role of facts in ethical decision-making is that ethical decisions cannot be made without knowing the ______.
The role of facts in ethical decision-making is that ethical decisions cannot be made without knowing the ______.
What does applied ethics deal with?
What does applied ethics deal with?
Flashcards
Ethics
Ethics
The attempt to understand human values, including how we should live and what constitutes right conduct.
Bottom up inductive
Bottom up inductive
Using past medical problems to create guides for practice. This approach involves considering theories that best fit one's beliefs before applying them.
Ethics
Ethics
A system of moral principles that defines what is good for individuals and society, but varies across cultures.
Doctrine of Dual Effect
Doctrine of Dual Effect
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Meta-ethics
Meta-ethics
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Normative Ethics
Normative Ethics
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Applied Ethics
Applied Ethics
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Facts v. Values
Facts v. Values
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Law and Ethics
Law and Ethics
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Ad Hominem
Ad Hominem
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Motherhoods
Motherhoods
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Confusing Necessary and Sufficient
Confusing Necessary and Sufficient
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Traditional Ethics - 3As
Traditional Ethics - 3As
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Introduction of Ethics Teaching (1986)
Introduction of Ethics Teaching (1986)
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Confidentiality
Confidentiality
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When Can Confidential Information Be Disclosed?
When Can Confidential Information Be Disclosed?
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Autonomy
Autonomy
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Beneficence
Beneficence
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Non-maleficence
Non-maleficence
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Justice
Justice
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Study Notes
Overview of Ethics
- Ethics is the study of human values, right conduct, and morality.
- Ethical arguments can be top-down, applying a specific theory to a problem, or bottom-up, using past cases to create guidelines.
- Morality deals with the difference between good and evil, while ethics is a system of principles defining good for individuals and society.
- The Doctrine of Double Effect: a harmful effect is acceptable if it's inseparable from a good effect, the act is good, and the intention is good.
- Meta-ethics explores the nature of ethics and moral reasoning.
- Normative ethics determines moral behavior, focusing on the act, actor, and consequences.
- Applied ethics examines specific areas like medicine and the environment.
- Ethical decisions need facts. Some theories require calculations based on facts.
Ethical Fallacies
- Ad hominem: attacking a person's character instead of their argument.
- Authority claims: asserting correctness based on someone's authority.
- Begging the question: assuming the initial point of an argument.
- Dissenters: disagreeing does not prove a claim is invalid.
- Misrepresenting arguments/suppressing opposing views to avoid discussion.
- Confusing necessary and sufficient conditions
Confidentiality
- Confidentiality is essential in medical practice.
- Disclosure is allowed in cases of legal requirements, notifiable diseases, regulatory body orders, patient consent, public interest, serious communicable diseases, and serious crimes.
- Disclosure criteria involve anonymity (where possible), patient consent, minimum disclosure, and adherence to data protection laws.
- Confidentiality extends to after death.
- Certain diseases (like cholera, yellow fever, plague) are notifiable to WHO.
GMC "Duties of a Doctor"
- Protect and promote the health of patients and the public.
- Provide high standards of practice and patient care.
- Recognize and respect limits of medical competence.
- Collaborate with colleagues to serve patients' best interests.
- Treat every patient as an individual, respecting patient dignity.
The Four Principles
- Autonomy: Respecting patient decisions when they have capacity. Patient's right to self-determination.
- Beneficence: Doing what is good and beneficial to others; balancing risks and benefits.
- Non-maleficence: Preventing or reducing harm.
- Justice: Fair distribution of risks and benefits; balancing need and benefit.
Ethical Theories
- Utilitarianism/Consequentialism: Maximizing overall good and minimizing harm (e.g., Act, Rule, Hedonistic, Preference).
- Deontology: Morality is inherent, regardless of consequences ("Do unto others as you would have them do unto you").
- Virtue Ethics: Focuses on the character of the person, not specific actions.
- Kantianism: Morality determined by rule adherence (e.g., categorical imperatives).
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of ethics, including various ethical theories and the Doctrine of Double Effect. It also delves into ethical fallacies, providing examples of common logical errors in ethical arguments, such as ad hominem attacks. Test your understanding of how ethical principles are applied in real-world scenarios.
