Overview of Drugs and Antibiotics

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Questions and Answers

What is a major effect of smoking on the heart?

It increases the risk of heart disease. (correct)

It strengthens heart tissues.

It reduces blood pressure.

It eliminates the risk of heart infections.

What harmful substance is released by nicotine in cigarettes?

Carbon dioxide

Oxygen

Adrenaline (correct)

Hydrogen

What effect does tar have on lung cells?

Inflates the lungs.

Enhances mucous transport.

Blocks the cilia, leading to infections. (correct)

Purifies the air in the lungs.

How does carbon monoxide affect the body?

Reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the harmful chemicals found in cigarettes?

Ozone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of antibiotics on bacteria?

They destroy the bacterial cell wall. Signup and view all the answers

Why are viruses not affected by antibiotics?

They do not have a cell wall. Signup and view all the answers

What leads to antibiotic resistance in bacterial strains?

Genetic mutations that occur in bacteria. Signup and view all the answers

What is one consequence of lower self-control due to alcohol consumption?

Higher risk of committing crimes. Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is commonly released during the consumption of depressants like alcohol and heroin?

Dopamine Signup and view all the answers

What is a common withdrawal symptom experienced after stopping use of heroin?

Nausea Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions can help slow the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria?

Completing the full course of antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drug is classified as a depressant?

Alcohol Signup and view all the answers

What is a common medical problem associated with heroin use due to needle sharing?

HIV Signup and view all the answers

What physiological role do anabolic steroids play in the body?

Trigger hormone release for muscle gain Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is linked to the long-term use of smoking?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Signup and view all the answers

How does carbon monoxide from cigarette smoke affect the heart?

It displaces oxygen bound to hemoglobin. Signup and view all the answers

What is a major consequence of excessive alcohol consumption?

Liver damage Signup and view all the answers

What athletic performance improvement is linked specifically to testosterone?

Increased muscle strength and size Signup and view all the answers

What defines chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Decreased efficiency of gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common reason that performance-enhancing drugs are banned in competitive sports?

They are considered unfair. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Drugs Overview

A drug impacts chemical reactions in the body, serving various therapeutic purposes.

Antibiotics

Treat bacterial infections; can destroy bacteria by targeting cell walls or inhibiting growth.
Ineffective against viruses due to differences in structure and reproduction.
Antibiotic resistance arises from natural selection through mutation, leading to survival and reproduction of resistant strains.
MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) is a notable antibiotic-resistant infection.
To combat resistance, use antibiotics solely for serious infections and complete full courses.

Misused Drugs

Alcohol and Heroin:
- Both are depressants that lower nervous system activity and impulse rates.
- Can compromise self-control, contributing to crime and antisocial behavior.
- Release neurotransmitters like dopamine, resulting in addictive highs and potential withdrawal symptoms (anxiety, insomnia, headaches).
- Heroin often leads to HIV through shared needles; excessive alcohol can damage the liver.

Performance-Enhancing Drugs

Used to boost athletic performance but considered unfair and are banned in competitive sports.
Anabolic Steroids:
- Promote muscle mass and strength by triggering hormone release, with various types targeting specific muscle groups.
- Russia's Winter Olympic team was disqualified in 2018 for using anabolic steroids.
Testosterone:
- Enhances performance by improving muscle strength, size, energy levels, and coordination.

Smoking and Associated Diseases

Nicotine: Addictive substance in cigarettes that induces dopamine release, fostering long-term smoking habits.
Leads to several diseases:
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Decreases lung gas exchange efficiency by damaging alveoli, causing breathlessness and chronic cough. Non-curable but symptoms can be managed.
- Lung Cancer: Accounts for over 85% of cases linked to smoking, due to numerous carcinogenic chemicals in smoke.
- Coronary Heart Disease: Strains the heart due to nicotine and carbon monoxide, increases blood clot risk, leading to heart attacks or heart failure.

Factors Affecting Smoking Risks

Not every smoker develops diseases; risks vary based on age, fitness level, and duration of smoking.

Cigarette Components

Contain over 7000 harmful chemicals including:
- Nicotine: Increases heart rate and blood pressure; also triggers adrenaline release.
- Tar: Coats lung cilia, impairing mucus expulsion and increasing infection risk; can narrow airways.
- Carbon Monoxide: Reduces blood oxygen levels, straining the heart.
- Other toxic chemicals include arsenic (rat poison), formaldehyde (toxic), and hydrogen cyanide (used for pest control).

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Description

This quiz covers the basics of drugs, specifically focusing on antibiotics and their role in treating bacterial infections. You'll learn about the implications of antibiotic resistance and the consequences of misused drugs like alcohol and heroin. Test your knowledge on how these substances interact with the body and impact behavior.