Overview of Cartilage Tissue
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Questions and Answers

What type of collagen is primarily found in hyaline cartilage?

  • Type IV collagen
  • Type III collagen
  • Type II collagen (correct)
  • Type I collagen

Where is hyaline cartilage NOT typically found?

  • External ear (correct)
  • Articular surfaces of joints
  • Trachea
  • Nose

What is the primary method of growth for hyaline cartilage?

  • Appositional growth
  • Perichondrial growth
  • Interstitial growth (correct)
  • Mature growth

Which characteristic is NOT associated with hyaline cartilage?

<p>Presence of blood vessels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cartilage is found in structures requiring more elasticity, such as the external ear?

<p>Elastic cartilage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fibers are predominantly found in mature cartilage?

<p>Type II collagen fibers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of growth is characterized by the addition of new cells and matrix from the perichondrium?

<p>Appositional growth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic best describes chondrocytes in mature cartilage?

<p>They reside in lacunae. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is primarily responsible for providing elasticity to the cartilage matrix?

<p>Proteoglycans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do axial isogenic groups in cartilage reflect?

<p>The direction of stress applied (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of strength is associated with cartilage?

<p>High tensile strength and resistance to compressive forces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component contributes to the overall consistency of the cartilage matrix?

<p>Proteoglycans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which attribute does not apply to mature cartilage?

<p>Ability to regenerate rapidly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary function does fibrous cartilage serve in the body?

<p>Resistance to mechanical stress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT found in the structure of fibrous cartilage?

<p>Perichondrium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which anatomical locations is fibrous cartilage primarily found?

<p>Intervertebral discs and knee menisci (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of collagen is predominantly present in fibrous cartilage?

<p>Type I collagen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic staining property of the matrix in fibrous cartilage?

<p>Stains pink (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cells are immature cartilage cells that produce the extracellular matrix?

<p>Chondroblasts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanical advantage does articular cartilage provide?

<p>Reduces friction in joints (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of elastic fibers in cartilage tissue?

<p>Allow for flexibility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes the overall function of fibrous cartilage?

<p>Provides structural support and cushioning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates chondrogenic cells from mature cartilage cells?

<p>Chondrogenic cells are precursors that differentiate into chondroblasts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glycoproteins like chondronectin in cartilage?

<p>Helping in the adhesion of chondrocytes to the matrix (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the growth pattern of cartilage referred to as interstitial growth?

<p>Division of chondrocytes leading to expansion within the cartilage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the perichondrium?

<p>It has two distinct zones with different cell types (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is cartilage considered avascular?

<p>It relies on diffusion for nutrient supply (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue surrounds most forms of cartilage?

<p>Dense irregular connective tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function do chondroblasts serve in cartilage?

<p>Playing a role in cartilage growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is true of isogenic groups in cartilage?

<p>They consist of chondrocytes that have divided (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of chondrogenic cells in the perichondrium?

<p>Differentiating into mature chondrocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes cartilage composition?

<p>It includes a matrix rich in proteoglycans and collagen fibers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unique feature differentiates fibrous cartilage from other types of cartilage?

<p>Lack of dense irregular connective tissue surrounding it (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Hyaline cartilage?

Hyaline cartilage is the most common type of cartilage, found in areas like the nose, larynx, trachea, joint surfaces, and growing bone ends.

What is the main protein in Hyaline cartilage?

Type II collagen is a major structural component of hyaline cartilage, making up roughly 40% of its weight.

How does Hyaline cartilage stain?

The matrix of hyaline cartilage is basophilic, meaning it stains blue with basic dyes due to the presence of proteoglycans.

How does Hyaline cartilage grow?

Hyaline cartilage grows through interstitial growth, where chondrocytes within the matrix divide and produce new matrix.

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What makes Elastic cartilage different?

Elastic cartilage is another type of cartilage, containing elastic fibers that give it flexibility. It's found in areas like the ear and epiglottis.

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Hyaline cartilage

The most common type of cartilage, found in areas like the nose, larynx, trachea, joint surfaces, and growing bone ends.

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Type II collagen

The major structural protein in hyaline cartilage, making up roughly 40% of its weight.

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Basophilic staining

Hyaline cartilage's matrix stains blue with basic dyes due to the presence of proteoglycans.

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Interstitial growth

The growth of hyaline cartilage occurs within the matrix, with chondrocytes dividing and producing new matrix.

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Elastic cartilage

A type of cartilage that provides flexibility due to its abundance of elastic fibers. Found in areas like the ear and epiglottis.

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Fibrocartilage

A type of cartilage that combines the strength of hyaline cartilage and the flexibility of elastic cartilage. Found in areas like the intervertebral discs, menisci of the knee, and Achilles tendon insertion.

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Elasticity and resilience

A type of cartilage that provides support and cushioning due to its high content of collagen fibers. Found in areas like the nose and respiratory tract.

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Chondroblasts

Cartilage cells that actively produce and secrete the extracellular matrix of cartilage.

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Chondrocytes

A type of cell found in cartilage, responsible for maintaining the matrix and repairing cartilage damage.

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Perichondrium

A layer of connective tissue surrounding most cartilage, providing nutrients and support.

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Appositional growth

Cartilage growth from the outside, where new cells and matrix are added from the perichondrium (outer covering).

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Isogenic group

A group of chondrocytes aligned in a row, reflecting the direction of stress.

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Extracellular matrix

The non-living, supportive material surrounding chondrocytes. It's composed of collagen, proteoglycans, and water.

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Proteoglycans

Large, negatively charged molecules that bind water, giving cartilage its firmness and elasticity.

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Chondrogenic Cells

Cells within perichondrium that are undifferentiated and can become chondroblasts.

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Chondronectin

A type of glycoprotein that helps chondrocytes stick to the cartilage matrix.

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Cartilage Avascularity

Cartilage does not have blood vessels and relies on diffusion for nutrients.

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Coronal Arrangement

A common arrangement of isogenic groups in hyaline cartilage, forming a crown-like shape.

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Axial Arrangement

A less common arrangement of isogenic groups in hyaline cartilage, forming a column-like shape.

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Chondrogenic Layer

The layer of perichondrium closest to the cartilage, containing chondroblasts.

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Study Notes

Cartilage Tissue Overview

  • Specialized connective tissue with a firm matrix
  • Resists mechanical stress
  • Supports body parts
  • Cushions and absorbs forces in joints
  • Reduces friction in joints

Components of Cartilage

  • Cells:

    • Chondrogenic cells: Precursor cells that differentiate into chondroblasts
    • Chondroblasts: Immature cartilage cells that produce the extracellular matrix. They eventually mature into chondrocytes.
    • Chondrocytes: Mature cartilage cells, housed in lacunae (small spaces), which maintain the matrix.

  • Extracellular Matrix:

    • Primarily composed of collagen fibers (mostly Type II)
    • Contains proteoglycans (like aggrecan) for matrix consistency
    • Includes glycoproteins (like chondronectin) for cell-matrix adhesion

  • Avascular: Relies on diffusion for nutrients (no blood vessels).

Cartilage Growth

  • Appositional Growth: New cartilage matrix is added from the perichondrium (dense irregular tissue surrounding cartilage)
  • Chondroblasts in the perichondrium divide and secrete matrix, leading to outward growth. Chondrocytes divide, forming isogenic groups arranged coronally or axially.
  • Interstitial Growth: Growth occurs within the cartilage. Chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix, expanding the cartilage from within. The cells form isogenic groups that reflect the direction of stress

Types of Cartilage

  • Hyaline Cartilage: Most common type, found in areas like nose, larynx, trachea, articular surfaces of joints, and growing bones.
    • Primarily Type II collagen, basophilic (metachromatic) matrix.
  • Elastic Cartilage: Found in structures needing flexibility, like external ear (pinna).
    • Abundant elastic fibers for resilience and flexibility. Contains Type II collagen.
  • Fibrocartilage: Found in areas with high stress, like intervertebral discs, menisci, and Achilles tendon.
    • Primarily Type I and Type II collagen, eosinophilic matrix (stains pink)
    • No perichondrium
    • High tensile strength and resistance to compressive forces. Cells form linear groups reflecting stress direction.

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Cartilage Tissue PDF

Description

This quiz covers the essential components and characteristics of cartilage tissue, a specialized connective tissue crucial for mechanical support and joint function. It explores the types of cells involved, the extracellular matrix composition, and the unique growth patterns of cartilage. Test your knowledge on the vital role cartilage plays in the human body.

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