Overview of Biology

Definition: The study of living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, and interactions with the environment.

Cell Biology
- Study of cell structure, function, and processes.
- Types of cells: Prokaryotic (no nucleus) and Eukaryotic (nucleus).
Genetics
- Study of heredity and variation in organisms.
- Key concepts: DNA structure, genes, chromosomes, mutation.
Evolutionary Biology
- Study of the origins and changes in the diversity of life over time.
- Key theories: Natural selection, adaptation, speciation.
Ecology
- Study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
- Key concepts: Ecosystems, biomes, food webs, biodiversity.
Physiology
- Study of the functions and mechanisms in living organisms.
- Focus on systems (e.g., circulatory, respiratory, nervous).
Microbiology
- Study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.
- Importance in health, industry, and ecological processes.
Botany
- Study of plants, including structure, growth, reproduction, and metabolism.
Zoology
- Study of animals and their behavior, physiology, and classification.

Cell Theory: All living organisms are composed of cells, which are the basic units of life.
Homeostasis: The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment.
Metabolism: The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms.
Biological Classification: Organizing living things into a hierarchy (Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species).

Photosynthesis
- Process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy (glucose).
Cellular Respiration
- Process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP).
Protein Synthesis
- The process of translating genetic information in DNA to produce proteins, involving transcription and translation.

Molecular Level: Atoms and molecules essential for life.
Cellular Level: Cells as the fundamental unit of life.
Tissue Level: Groups of similar cells working together.
Organ Level: Structures composed of different tissues performing specific functions.
Organ System Level: Groups of organs that work together.
Organism Level: Individual living entities.
Population Level: Groups of organisms of the same species.
Community Level: Interactions between different populations.
Ecosystem Level: Communities and their physical environments interacting.
Biosphere Level: The global ecosystem encompassing all life on Earth.

Genomics: Study of genomes and their functions.
Synthetic Biology: Engineering of new biological parts and systems.
Personalized Medicine: Tailoring medical treatment to individual genetic profiles.
Conservation Biology: Focus on protecting biodiversity and ecosystems.

Study of living organisms
Focuses on structure, function, growth, evolution, and interactions with the environment

Cell Biology: Studies cell structure, function, and processes.
- Distinguishes between prokaryotic (no nucleus) and eukaryotic (nucleus) cells.
Genetics: Explores heredity and variations in organisms.
- Key concepts include DNA structure, genes, chromosomes, and mutation.
Evolutionary Biology: Focuses on origins and changes in life's diversity over time.
- Key theories include natural selection, adaptation, and speciation.
Ecology: Studies interactions between organisms and their environment.
- Key concepts include ecosystems, biomes, food webs, and biodiversity.
Physiology: Focuses on functions and mechanisms in living organisms.
- Concentrates on systems, such as the circulatory, respiratory, and nervous systems.
Microbiology: Studies microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa).
- Important for health, industry, and ecological processes.
Botany: Studies plants, including their structure, growth, reproduction, and metabolism.
Zoology: Studies animals, their behavior, physiology, and classification.

Cell Theory: Every living organism is composed of cells, the basic units of life.
Homeostasis: The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment.
Metabolism: The sum of all chemical reactions that occur within living organisms.
Biological Classification: Organizes living things into a hierarchical system (Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species).

Photosynthesis: Plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy (glucose).
Cellular Respiration: Cells convert glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP).
Protein Synthesis: Genetic information in DNA is translated to produce proteins (involves transcription and translation).

Molecular Level: Atoms and molecules essential for life.
Cellular Level: Cells are the fundamental unit of life.
Tissue Level: Groups of similar cells working together.
Organ Level: Structures composed of different tissues, performing specific functions.
Organ System Level: Groups of organs working together.
Organism Level: Individual living entities.
Population Level: Groups of organisms of the same species.
Community Level: Interactions between different populations.
Ecosystem Level: Communities and their physical environments interacting.
Biosphere Level: The global ecosystem encompassing all life on Earth.

Genomics: Study of genomes and their functions.
Synthetic Biology: Engineering new biological parts and systems.
Personalized Medicine: Tailoring medical treatment to individual genetic profiles.
Conservation Biology: Focus on protecting biodiversity and ecosystems.