Overview of Anatomy and Body Systems

Study of the structure and organization of living organisms.
Includes various sub-disciplines:
- Gross Anatomy: Study of structures visible to the naked eye.
- Microscopic Anatomy: Study of cells and tissues using a microscope.
- Developmental Anatomy: Study of the development of organisms from conception to adulthood.
- Comparative Anatomy: Study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species.

Skeletal System
- Composed of bones, cartilage, ligaments.
- Functions: support, movement, protection, storage, blood cell production.
Muscular System
- Composed of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles.
- Functions: movement, maintaining posture, heat production.
Nervous System
- Composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
- Functions: control of body functions, response to stimuli, integration of information.
Circulatory System
- Composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
- Functions: transportation of nutrients, gases, waste; regulation of temperature.
Respiratory System
- Composed of the lungs, trachea, and airways.
- Functions: gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide).
Digestive System
- Composed of organs like the stomach, intestines, liver.
- Functions: breakdown of food, nutrient absorption, waste elimination.
Urinary System
- Composed of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
- Functions: filtration of blood, elimination of waste, regulation of water and electrolyte balance.
Endocrine System
- Composed of glands such as the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands.
- Functions: hormone production, regulation of metabolism, growth, and reproduction.
Reproductive System
- Male: includes testes, penis; Female: includes ovaries, uterus.
- Functions: production of gametes, hormone secretion, reproduction.

Anatomical Position: Standard position of the body for reference; standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms facing forward.
Directional Terms:
- Superior: Toward the head.
- Inferior: Toward the feet.
- Anterior (ventral): Toward the front.
- Posterior (dorsal): Toward the back.
- Medial: Toward the midline of the body.
- Lateral: Away from the midline.
- Proximal: Closer to the point of attachment.
- Distal: Further from the point of attachment.

Dorsal Body Cavity: Contains the cranial cavity (brain) and vertebral cavity (spine).
Ventral Body Cavity: Contains the thoracic cavity (heart and lungs) and abdominopelvic cavity (digestive organs, urinary organs).

Tissues: Groups of cells working together to perform a specific function.
- Epithelial Tissue: Covers body surfaces, lines cavities.
- Connective Tissue: Supports, binds other tissues, includes bone, blood, and adipose.
- Muscle Tissue: Responsible for movement.
- Nervous Tissue: Composed of neurons and supporting cells, transmits signals.

The study of the structure and organization of living organisms.
Includes various sub-disciplines:
- Gross Anatomy: Study of structures visible to the naked eye.
- Microscopic Anatomy: Study of cells and tissues using a microscope.
- Developmental Anatomy: Study of the development of organisms from conception to adulthood.
- Comparative Anatomy: Study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species.

Skeletal System
- Composed of bones, cartilage, and ligaments.
- Functions: support, movement, protection, storage, and blood cell production.
Muscular System
- Composed of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles.
- Functions: movement, maintaining posture, and heat production.
Nervous System
- Composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
- Functions: control of body functions, response to stimuli, and integration of information.
Circulatory System
- Composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
- Functions: transportation of nutrients, gases, and waste; regulation of temperature.
Respiratory System
- Composed of the lungs, trachea, and airways.
- Functions: gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide).
Digestive System
- Composed of organs like the stomach, intestines, and liver.
- Functions: breakdown of food, nutrient absorption, and waste elimination.
Urinary System
- Composed of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
- Functions: filtration of blood, elimination of waste, and regulation of water and electrolyte balance.
Endocrine System
- Composed of glands such as the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands.
- Functions: hormone production, regulation of metabolism, growth, and reproduction.
Reproductive System
- Male: includes testes, penis; Female: includes ovaries, uterus.
- Functions: production of gametes, hormone secretion, and reproduction.

Anatomical Position: Standard position of the body for reference; standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms facing forward.
Directional Terms:
- Superior: Toward the head.
- Inferior: Toward the feet.
- Anterior (ventral): Toward the front.
- Posterior (dorsal): Toward the back.
- Medial: Toward the midline of the body.
- Lateral: Away from the midline.
- Proximal: Closer to the point of attachment.
- Distal: Further from the point of attachment.

Dorsal Body Cavity: Contains the cranial cavity (brain) and vertebral cavity (spine).
Ventral Body Cavity: Contains the thoracic cavity (heart and lungs) and abdominopelvic cavity (digestive organs, urinary organs).

Tissues: Groups of cells working together to perform a specific function.
- Epithelial Tissue: Covers body surfaces, lines cavities.
- Connective Tissue: Supports, binds other tissues, includes bone, blood, and adipose.
- Muscle Tissue: Responsible for movement.
- Nervous Tissue: Composed of neurons and supporting cells; transmits signals.