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Overview of African Music and Genres
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Overview of African Music and Genres

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Questions and Answers

What is a primary purpose of African traditional music?

  • To replace spoken communication
  • To serve as a form of entertainment only
  • For ceremonial rites including birth and marriage (correct)
  • To promote popular music styles

    • Which musical technique involves a leader singing a phrase followed by a group response?

  • Call and Response (correct)
  • Interlocking Structure
  • Harmony Creation
  • Percussion Fusion

    • What type of music is Apala associated with?

  • A musical genre for waking worshippers after fasting (correct)
  • A dance style for social gatherings
  • Ceremonial music for leadership succession
  • Entertainment music only

    • Which of the following best describes Afrobeat?

    <p>A blend of West African and black American music influences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does African music primarily utilize for communication?

    <p>Musical rhythms and melodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which percussion instruments are commonly used in African traditional music?

    <p>Sekere, thumb piano, and talking drums</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What genre of music combines elements of Afro-Caribbean styles?

    <p>Axe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the structure of African music?

    <p>It has an interlocking structural format with rhythmic complexity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary instrument used in Jit music?

    <p>Drums</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following musical styles is known for having originated from Nigeria?

    <p>Juju</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which style of music is characterized by its simple chords and vamping patterns?

    <p>Reggae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dance style became popularized by Kanda Bongo Man in the late 1980s?

    <p>Kwassa Kwassa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about Marabi music?

    <p>It evolved into African jazz between the 1930s and 1960s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of music is influenced by both calypso and traditional mento music?

    <p>Reggae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does music play in the daily life of African people according to the content?

    <p>Music is important for communication and ceremonies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Jive music, which of the following dance styles is primarily followed?

    <p>Swing dance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of music is Zouk described as?

    <p>Fast, carnival-like rhythmic music</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Afro-Latin American music primarily influenced?

    <p>By years of evolution and contact during colonization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which instruments are particularly identified with Zouk music?

    <p>Drums and synthesizers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one use of music in African culture mentioned in the content?

    <p>Expression of experiences in work and ceremonies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the tibwa rhythmic pattern enhance in music performance?

    <p>The range and voice power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which regions do Latin American music styles generally originate from?

    <p>Romance-speaking countries and territories of the Americas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of music greatly influences people's enjoyment according to the content?

    <p>Rhythmic beats and catchy upbeat vibe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributed to the unique musical culture in Caribbean countries?

    <p>Colonization and the slave trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is distinctive to reggae music?

    <p>Offbeat rhythm and staccato chords</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which music genre does NOT influence salsa music?

    <p>Jazz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is samba primarily characterized by?

    <p>A lively and rhythmical beat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Latin music is accurate?

    <p>It comprises multiple musical elements and styles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Soca music known as?

    <p>The soul of calypso</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a foundational element of samba music?

    <p>Lively rhythm with three steps to every bar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country is NOT mentioned as a contributor to salsa music?

    <p>Dominican Republic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the roots of samba music primarily originate?

    <p>West Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Afro-Latin American music?

    <p>Structured Composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of music originated from the Yoruba tribe in Nigeria?

    <p>Apala</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three major influences on American music mentioned in the content?

    <p>Indigenous, Spanish-Portuguese, and African</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following genres is an example of Latin American music?

    <p>Salsa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these dance styles is NOT associated with Latin American music?

    <p>Reggae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What musical aspect allows artists to create a musical mood in Afro-Latin American music?

    <p>Improvisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which music style is characterized by a performance involving a caller and a responder?

    <p>Apala</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the 'voice as an instrument' characteristic?

    <p>Manipulation of vocal tones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    African Music

    • African traditional music is mostly used for ceremonies like birth, death, marriage, succession, worship, and spirit invocations
    • Music is also functional for work and social gatherings
    • African music is viewed as entertainment in many traditional societies
    • The musical structure is interlocking, as a result of the overlapping and dense texture and rhythmic complexity
    • The African music technique of "Call and Response" involves a leader singing a phrase and a group of singers answering
    • African music is performed using singing, percussion instruments (played by hands or sticks), drums, and other instruments

    Afrobeat

    • Afrobeat fuses West African music with black American music

    Apala (Akpala)

    • A musical genre from Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal style
    • Used to wake up worshippers after fasting during Ramadan
    • Instruments include the rattle (sekere), thumb piano (agidigbo), bell (agogo) and two or three talking drums.

    Axe

    • Genre popular in Salvador, Bahia, and Brazil
    • Fuses Afro-Caribbean styles of marcha, reggae, and calypso
    • Played by carnival bands

    Jit

    • Hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean dance music
    • Played on drums with guitar accompaniment
    • Influenced by Mbira-based guitar styles

    Jive

    • Popular form of South African music
    • Lively and uninhibited version of the jitterbug, a form of swing dance

    Juju

    • Popular music style from Nigeria
    • Uses traditional Yoruba rhythms
    • Instruments are more Western in origin - drum kit, keyboard, pedal steel guitar, and accordion are used along with traditional drums

    Kwassa Kwassa

    • Dance style begun in Zaire
    • Popularized by Kanda Bongo Man
    • The hips move back and forth while the arms follow the hip movements

    Marabi

    • South African three-chord township music of the 1930s-1960s
    • Evolved into African jazz
    • Uses a keyboard style that combines American jazz, ragtime, and blues with African roots
    • Characterized by simple chords in varying vamping patterns and repetitive harmony to give dancers more time on the dance floor

    Reggae

    • Jamaican musical style
    • Strongly influenced by the island's traditional mento music, as well as calypso, African music, American jazz, and rhythm and blues
    • One of the most distinctive qualities is the offbeat rhythm and staccato chords

    Salsa

    • Cuban, Puerto Rican, and Colombian dance music
    • Comprises musical genres including the Cuban son montuno, guaracha, chachacha, mambo, and bolero

    Samba

    • Brazilian musical genre and dance style
    • Traced to Africa via the West African slave trade and African religious traditions, particularly in Angola and the Congo
    • The basic underlying rhythm that typifies most Brazilian music
    • Lively and rhythmical beat with three steps to every bar, making the samba feel like a timed dance

    Soca

    • Known as the "soul of calypso"
    • Originated as a fusion of calypso with Indian rhythms
    • Modern Trinidadian and Tobagonian pop music combining soul and calypso music

    Were

    • Muslim music often performed as a wake-up call during Ramadan celebrations
    • Fuses African and European music styles

    Zouk

    • Fast, carnival-like rhythmic music from the Creole slang word for “party”
    • Originated in the Caribbean Islands of Guadaloupe and Martinique
    • Popularized in the 1980s
    • Pulsating beat supplied by the gwoka and tambour bele drums, a tibwa rhythmic pattern played on the rim of the snare drums, a rhythm guitar, a horn section, and keyboard synthesize

    Influences of Africa to Latin American Music

    • The rhythm and styles of Latin-American music are influenced by the United States and other countries in Europe like Spain and Portugal
    • Latin music is a combination of four musical elements: tango, bossa nova, merengue, salsa, and other genres such as reggae, jazz, rock, and latin pop
    • Latin American music incorporates African music from slaves who were transported to the Americas by European settlers as well as music from the indigenous peoples of the America
    • Latin American music is influenced by American music, which is the product of indigenous, Spanish-Portuguese, and African music

    Characteristics of Afro-Latin American Music

    • Conversation: The performance of voice interaction as an answer to the first chant (“Call and Response”)
    • Improvisation: Non-scripted ways of singing that allow sincere conversations
    • The voice as an instrument: The manipulation of a freely controlled piece where the artist can change the tone of voice, its tempo, the creation of moods, and even changing the range and voice power
    • The instrument as a voice: The instrument serves as a “singer” along with the performer

    Performance Task

    • Select one Reggae song with lyrics for memorization
    • Study and memorize the lyrics
    • Record a video of your performance singing the song

    Approaching Proficiency Rubric

    • Focused and clear tone: Throughout the piece, with accurate rhythm and secure pitch and consistent, sensitive phrasing. Dynamic variations are well-defined
    • Focused and clear tone: In the normal ranges, isolated errors in rhythm, pitch, and phrasing. More obvious dynamic variations
    • Focused tone: Inconsistent, unstable ranges, some repeated errors in rhythm, pitch, and phrasing.
    • Unfocused tone: Erratic rhythm, inconsistent pitch, and phrasing. Needs work on nuances and dynamics

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