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Questions and Answers
What is a primary purpose of African traditional music?
What is a primary purpose of African traditional music?
Which musical technique involves a leader singing a phrase followed by a group response?
Which musical technique involves a leader singing a phrase followed by a group response?
What type of music is Apala associated with?
What type of music is Apala associated with?
Which of the following best describes Afrobeat?
Which of the following best describes Afrobeat?
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What does African music primarily utilize for communication?
What does African music primarily utilize for communication?
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Which percussion instruments are commonly used in African traditional music?
Which percussion instruments are commonly used in African traditional music?
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What genre of music combines elements of Afro-Caribbean styles?
What genre of music combines elements of Afro-Caribbean styles?
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Which statement is true regarding the structure of African music?
Which statement is true regarding the structure of African music?
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What is the primary instrument used in Jit music?
What is the primary instrument used in Jit music?
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Which of the following musical styles is known for having originated from Nigeria?
Which of the following musical styles is known for having originated from Nigeria?
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Which style of music is characterized by its simple chords and vamping patterns?
Which style of music is characterized by its simple chords and vamping patterns?
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What dance style became popularized by Kanda Bongo Man in the late 1980s?
What dance style became popularized by Kanda Bongo Man in the late 1980s?
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Which of the following statements is true about Marabi music?
Which of the following statements is true about Marabi music?
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Which type of music is influenced by both calypso and traditional mento music?
Which type of music is influenced by both calypso and traditional mento music?
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What role does music play in the daily life of African people according to the content?
What role does music play in the daily life of African people according to the content?
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In Jive music, which of the following dance styles is primarily followed?
In Jive music, which of the following dance styles is primarily followed?
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What type of music is Zouk described as?
What type of music is Zouk described as?
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How is Afro-Latin American music primarily influenced?
How is Afro-Latin American music primarily influenced?
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Which instruments are particularly identified with Zouk music?
Which instruments are particularly identified with Zouk music?
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What is one use of music in African culture mentioned in the content?
What is one use of music in African culture mentioned in the content?
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What does the tibwa rhythmic pattern enhance in music performance?
What does the tibwa rhythmic pattern enhance in music performance?
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Which regions do Latin American music styles generally originate from?
Which regions do Latin American music styles generally originate from?
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What aspect of music greatly influences people's enjoyment according to the content?
What aspect of music greatly influences people's enjoyment according to the content?
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What contributed to the unique musical culture in Caribbean countries?
What contributed to the unique musical culture in Caribbean countries?
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What characteristic is distinctive to reggae music?
What characteristic is distinctive to reggae music?
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Which music genre does NOT influence salsa music?
Which music genre does NOT influence salsa music?
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What is samba primarily characterized by?
What is samba primarily characterized by?
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Which of the following statements about Latin music is accurate?
Which of the following statements about Latin music is accurate?
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What is Soca music known as?
What is Soca music known as?
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Which of the following is a foundational element of samba music?
Which of the following is a foundational element of samba music?
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Which country is NOT mentioned as a contributor to salsa music?
Which country is NOT mentioned as a contributor to salsa music?
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Where do the roots of samba music primarily originate?
Where do the roots of samba music primarily originate?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Afro-Latin American music?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Afro-Latin American music?
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Which type of music originated from the Yoruba tribe in Nigeria?
Which type of music originated from the Yoruba tribe in Nigeria?
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What are the three major influences on American music mentioned in the content?
What are the three major influences on American music mentioned in the content?
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Which of the following genres is an example of Latin American music?
Which of the following genres is an example of Latin American music?
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Which of these dance styles is NOT associated with Latin American music?
Which of these dance styles is NOT associated with Latin American music?
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What musical aspect allows artists to create a musical mood in Afro-Latin American music?
What musical aspect allows artists to create a musical mood in Afro-Latin American music?
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Which music style is characterized by a performance involving a caller and a responder?
Which music style is characterized by a performance involving a caller and a responder?
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Which of the following best describes the 'voice as an instrument' characteristic?
Which of the following best describes the 'voice as an instrument' characteristic?
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Study Notes
African Music
- African traditional music is mostly used for ceremonies like birth, death, marriage, succession, worship, and spirit invocations
- Music is also functional for work and social gatherings
- African music is viewed as entertainment in many traditional societies
- The musical structure is interlocking, as a result of the overlapping and dense texture and rhythmic complexity
- The African music technique of "Call and Response" involves a leader singing a phrase and a group of singers answering
- African music is performed using singing, percussion instruments (played by hands or sticks), drums, and other instruments
Afrobeat
- Afrobeat fuses West African music with black American music
Apala (Akpala)
- A musical genre from Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal style
- Used to wake up worshippers after fasting during Ramadan
- Instruments include the rattle (sekere), thumb piano (agidigbo), bell (agogo) and two or three talking drums.
Axe
- Genre popular in Salvador, Bahia, and Brazil
- Fuses Afro-Caribbean styles of marcha, reggae, and calypso
- Played by carnival bands
Jit
- Hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean dance music
- Played on drums with guitar accompaniment
- Influenced by Mbira-based guitar styles
Jive
- Popular form of South African music
- Lively and uninhibited version of the jitterbug, a form of swing dance
Juju
- Popular music style from Nigeria
- Uses traditional Yoruba rhythms
- Instruments are more Western in origin - drum kit, keyboard, pedal steel guitar, and accordion are used along with traditional drums
Kwassa Kwassa
- Dance style begun in Zaire
- Popularized by Kanda Bongo Man
- The hips move back and forth while the arms follow the hip movements
Marabi
- South African three-chord township music of the 1930s-1960s
- Evolved into African jazz
- Uses a keyboard style that combines American jazz, ragtime, and blues with African roots
- Characterized by simple chords in varying vamping patterns and repetitive harmony to give dancers more time on the dance floor
Reggae
- Jamaican musical style
- Strongly influenced by the island's traditional mento music, as well as calypso, African music, American jazz, and rhythm and blues
- One of the most distinctive qualities is the offbeat rhythm and staccato chords
Salsa
- Cuban, Puerto Rican, and Colombian dance music
- Comprises musical genres including the Cuban son montuno, guaracha, chachacha, mambo, and bolero
Samba
- Brazilian musical genre and dance style
- Traced to Africa via the West African slave trade and African religious traditions, particularly in Angola and the Congo
- The basic underlying rhythm that typifies most Brazilian music
- Lively and rhythmical beat with three steps to every bar, making the samba feel like a timed dance
Soca
- Known as the "soul of calypso"
- Originated as a fusion of calypso with Indian rhythms
- Modern Trinidadian and Tobagonian pop music combining soul and calypso music
Were
- Muslim music often performed as a wake-up call during Ramadan celebrations
- Fuses African and European music styles
Zouk
- Fast, carnival-like rhythmic music from the Creole slang word for “party”
- Originated in the Caribbean Islands of Guadaloupe and Martinique
- Popularized in the 1980s
- Pulsating beat supplied by the gwoka and tambour bele drums, a tibwa rhythmic pattern played on the rim of the snare drums, a rhythm guitar, a horn section, and keyboard synthesize
Influences of Africa to Latin American Music
- The rhythm and styles of Latin-American music are influenced by the United States and other countries in Europe like Spain and Portugal
- Latin music is a combination of four musical elements: tango, bossa nova, merengue, salsa, and other genres such as reggae, jazz, rock, and latin pop
- Latin American music incorporates African music from slaves who were transported to the Americas by European settlers as well as music from the indigenous peoples of the America
- Latin American music is influenced by American music, which is the product of indigenous, Spanish-Portuguese, and African music
Characteristics of Afro-Latin American Music
- Conversation: The performance of voice interaction as an answer to the first chant (“Call and Response”)
- Improvisation: Non-scripted ways of singing that allow sincere conversations
- The voice as an instrument: The manipulation of a freely controlled piece where the artist can change the tone of voice, its tempo, the creation of moods, and even changing the range and voice power
- The instrument as a voice: The instrument serves as a “singer” along with the performer
Performance Task
- Select one Reggae song with lyrics for memorization
- Study and memorize the lyrics
- Record a video of your performance singing the song
Approaching Proficiency Rubric
- Focused and clear tone: Throughout the piece, with accurate rhythm and secure pitch and consistent, sensitive phrasing. Dynamic variations are well-defined
- Focused and clear tone: In the normal ranges, isolated errors in rhythm, pitch, and phrasing. More obvious dynamic variations
- Focused tone: Inconsistent, unstable ranges, some repeated errors in rhythm, pitch, and phrasing.
- Unfocused tone: Erratic rhythm, inconsistent pitch, and phrasing. Needs work on nuances and dynamics
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Description
Explore the rich tapestry of African music, encompassing traditional ceremonies, social functions, and entertainment. Delve into genres like Afrobeat and Apala, learning about their unique instruments and cultural significance. This quiz will enhance your understanding of African musical heritage and techniques.
