Outcomes of Acute and Chronic Inflammation

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Questions and Answers

Which factor is NOT considered to affect the outcome of acute inflammation?

Host responsiveness

Duration of symptoms (correct)

The nature of injury

Intensity of injury

When does complete resolution of acute inflammation typically occur?

When there is extensive tissue destruction

When there is abundant fibrin exudation

When tissue regeneration is not possible

When the injury is limited or short-lived (correct)

What is the process called when inflammatory exudates are resolved by fibrosis?

Reintegration

Integration

Reconstruction

Organization (correct)

What type of tissues typically heal via connective tissue replacement or fibrosis?

Tissues that are incapable of regeneration (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which outcome of acute inflammation is likely when the parenchymal cells can regenerate?

Complete resolution (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are foreign body granulomas primarily incited by?

Particulates that cannot be readily phagocytosed (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is not listed as an infectious cause of granulomatous inflammation?

Systemic lupus erythematosus (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of granuloma is characterized by central caseous necrosis?

Immune granuloma (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of IFN-γ in immune granuloma formation?

Promoting macrophage transformation into epithelioid cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common systemic effect associated with inflammation known as?

Acute phase response (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine is primarily responsible for stimulating the production of fever-inducing prostaglandins in the hypothalamus?

IL-1 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of aspirin in the context of an acute phase response?

Blocks prostaglandin synthesis to reduce fever (A) Signup and view all the answers

What primarily leads to the transition from acute to chronic inflammation?

Interference with healing or persistence of the injurious agent (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of chronic inflammation?

Temporary reduction of tissue damage (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of chronic inflammation related to autoimmunity?

Prolonged exposure to environmental allergens (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which morphological feature is indicative of granulomatous inflammation?

Presence of epithelioid macrophages (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is a potential source of chronic inflammation?

Continuous exposure to exogenous toxic substances (D) Signup and view all the answers

What best describes chronic non-specific inflammation?

A general inflammatory response without a defined cause (D) Signup and view all the answers

In chronic inflammation, angiogenesis refers to:

The development of new blood vessels (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the role of macrophages in chronic inflammation?

They contribute to tissue destruction and repair simultaneously (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Outcomes of Acute Inflammation

Acute inflammation outcomes can be complete resolution, healing by connective tissue replacement, or progression to chronic inflammation
Acute inflammation outcome depends on injury nature, intensity, tissue involved and host response
Complete resolution occurs when injury is limited, tissue destruction is minimal and damaged cells can regenerate. This happens through removal of cellular debris, microbes, and edema fluid by macrophages and lymphatic drainage.
Healing by connective tissue replacement (fibrosis) happens when substantial tissue destruction occurs, or tissues unable to regenerate are injured (e.g., burns, serious infections)
Progression to chronic inflammation results from persistent injurious agents or interference with normal healing processes
Factors affecting outcome are injury nature, severity, tissue involved and host response

Outcomes of Chronic Inflammation

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged process characterized by inflammation, tissue destruction and healing simultaneously.
It can stem from persistent infection or an inciting stimulus or repeated acute inflammation attacks
Persistent infection by intracellular microbes, hypersensitivity diseases and prolonged exposure to toxic substances are among the causes of chronic inflammation

Granulomatous Inflammation

Granulomatous inflammation is a unique type of chronic inflammation, involving a focal accumulation of activated macrophages (granulomas)
Macrophages enlarge and flatten in this type, often surrounded by a collar of lymphocytes
It can be caused by infectious agents (tuberculosis, leprosy) or inflammatory agents (temporal arteritis) or inorganic materials (silica)
Often includes multinucleated giant cells and possible central necrosis, particularly of infectious origin

Systemic Effects of Inflammation

Systemic changes from inflammation (acute phase response or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)) are characterized by the body's response to cytokines produced by bacterial products, or other inflammatory stimuli.
Fever, resulting from pyrogens that raise the hypothalamus' temperature set point, is a clinical manifestation.
Acute phase proteins (e.g., CRP, fibrinogen, SAA) have increased production, binding to microbial walls, and acting as opsonins
Increased inflammatory response can also lead to leukocytosis (excess white blood cells), increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and other symptoms.

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Description

This quiz explores the various outcomes of acute and chronic inflammation, including resolution, healing, and progression to chronic inflammation. Understand how factors such as injury nature, tissue involved, and host response influence these outcomes. Perfect for students studying human biology or medicine.