Chap 12 - Rural Local Government Part 1
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Questions and Answers

Why is it difficult for the Prime Minister to attend to the needs of people in remote villages?

  • Because the Prime Minister has limited powers
  • Because the Prime Minister is busy with international affairs
  • Because the Prime Minister is not interested in rural areas
  • Because India is a vast country with a large population (correct)

    • At which level of government are matters of national importance dealt with?

  • Central government (correct)
  • District administration
  • Local self-government
  • State government

    • What is the responsibility of state governments?

  • Postal services and railways
  • Defence and foreign exchange
  • Community development programmes only
  • Law and order, local transport, and health services (correct)

    • What is the purpose of local self-government?

    <p>To look after the basic needs of local people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of local self-governing bodies are found in villages?

    <p>Zila Parishad, Block samitis and panchayats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are local self-government representatives chosen?

    <p>They are elected by the people of the locality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between rural and urban local self-governing bodies?

    <p>One is found in villages, the other in towns and cities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bodies are municipal corporations, municipalities, and cantonment boards?

    <p>Urban local self-governing bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of tiers in the panchayati raj system?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of the word 'panchayat'?

    <p>A group of five people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened to the panchayati system during the British rule?

    <p>It became less effective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of reviving the panchayati system after Independence?

    <p>To involve the people of the villages in the management of their own affairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum population required for a village to have a gram sabha?

    <p>500 or more</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the gram sabha?

    <p>To discuss important matters and problems of the village</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of reserving seats in the gram panchayat?

    <p>To provide representation to people from different castes or Scheduled Tribes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Nyaya Panchayat in a village?

    <p>To settle disputes among people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who elects the members of the Nyaya Panchayat?

    <p>The gram panchayat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term of office for the Panchayat members?

    <p>3 to 5 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the vice-sarpanch?

    <p>To take over the responsibilities of the sarpanch in his/her absence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two are one of the many compulsory functions of the Panchayat?

    <p>Providing primary education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Nyaya Panchayat?

    <p>It provides a cheap and speedy way to resolve disputes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the sarpanch?

    <p>To announce and organize meetings of the Panchayat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of elected women leaders in India?

    <p>About one million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rural local self-governing bodies include _______________, block samitis and panchayats.

    <p>Zila parishads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______________ is responsible for looking after the basic needs of the local people.

    <p>local self-government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Nyaya Panchayat plays a crucial role in _______________ in a village.

    <p>settling disputes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The panchayati raj system has a _______________ tier structure.

    <p>three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following features of the Panchayat with their respective descriptions:

    <p>Elected for a term of 3 to 5 years = Duration of Panchayat members Headed by the village pradhan or sarpanch = Leadership of the Panchayat Constructs and repairs roads, bridges, drains, tanks, and wells = Compulsory function of the Panchayat Responsible for looking after the welfare of the weaker sections of society = Optional function of the Panchayat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following institutions with their respective functions:

    <p>Nyaya Panchayat = Settles disputes among people Gram Sabha = Body of Adults of village that elects the members of the Panchayat Panchayat = Provides health facilities and primary education Village Pradhan or Sarpanch = Announces and organizes meetings of the Panchayat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bodies with their respective roles:

    <p>Gram Panchayat = Basic unit of the panchayati raj system Nyaya Panchayat = Provides a cheap and speedy way to resolve disputes Vice-sarpanch = Takes over the responsibilities of the sarpanch in his/her absence Sarpanch = Coordinates the different activities of the Panchayat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A gram sabha is a committee of elected members of the gram panchayat.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Nyaya Panchayat is responsible for implementing community development programs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Panchayats are responsible for maintaining law and order in rural areas.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following areas is not primarily managed by the central government in India?

    <p>Health services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which city is the central government of India based?

    <p>New Delhi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is typically carried out by state governments in India?

    <p>Local transport management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of following is not a type of Urban local self governing bodies

    <p>Zila Parishad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Government in India

    • India is a vast country with a large population of over 1.35 billion people, making it difficult for a single government to govern effectively.
    • To make administration easier, India operates its government at three different levels: Central, State, and Local Self-Government.

    Central Government

    • The Central Government is based in New Delhi and deals with matters of national importance such as defense, national finance, foreign exchange, railways, and postal services.

    State Government

    • India is divided into several states, each with its own government based in the state capital.
    • State governments are responsible for maintaining law and order, local transport, health services, and community development programs within their respective states.

    Local Self-Government

    • Local self-government functions at the grassroots level and deals with local problems and the basic needs of local people.
    • Local self-governing bodies are of two kinds: rural (villages) and urban (towns and cities).
    • Rural local self-governing bodies include Zila Parishads, Block Samitis, and Panchayats, while urban bodies include Municipal Corporations, Municipalities, and Cantonment Boards.

    Panchayati Raj System

    • The Panchayati Raj system is a three-tiered system of local self-government at the rural level.
    • The three tiers are: Panchayats at the village level, Block Samitis at the block level, and Zila Parishads at the district level.
    • The system has been in place since ancient times, but was less effective during British rule.
    • After Independence, the Panchayati Raj system was revived to involve villagers in managing their own affairs.

    Gram Sabha

    • A Gram Sabha is a village assembly that includes all adult members of the village.
    • The Gram Sabha holds meetings at least twice a year to discuss important village matters and problems.

    Gram Panchayat

    • The Gram Panchayat is elected by the Gram Sabha and is responsible for managing village affairs.
    • Seats are reserved for people from Scheduled Castes or Tribes, and one-third of the seats are reserved for women.

    Nyaya Panchayat

    • A Nyaya Panchayat is responsible for settling disputes among villagers and provides a cheap and speedy way to resolve disputes.

    Features of the Panchayat

    • The village Panchayat is headed by a directly elected Sarpanch (Village Pradhan).
    • The Sarpanch announces and organizes meetings, signs important documents, and coordinates panchayat activities.
    • Panchayats are elected for a term of 3 to 5 years.

    Functions of the Panchayat

    • Compulsory functions of the panchayat include constructing and repairing infrastructure, providing health facilities, supplying clean drinking water, and maintaining cleanliness.
    • Optional functions include building playgrounds, installing television and radio sets, and providing primary education.
    • The panchayat also helps farmers develop their farms and looks after the welfare of weaker sections of society.

    Urban Local Self-Governing Bodies

    • Municipal corporations, municipalities, and cantonment boards are urban local self-governing bodies.

    Panchayati Raj System

    • The panchayati raj system is a three-tiered system of local self-government at the rural level.
    • The three tiers are:
    • Panchayats at the village level
    • Block samitis at the block level
    • Zila parishads at the district level

    History of Panchayats

    • The system of panchayats is very old, with the word 'panchayat' meaning a group of five people.
    • In ancient times, villagers would elect a group of five elders to deal with local problems and solve disputes.
    • The system functioned well until the Mughal period, but was less effective under British rule.
    • After Independence, the panchayati system was revived to involve villagers in the management of their own affairs.

    Gram Sabha

    • A gram sabha or village assembly is formed in villages with a population of 500 or more.
    • All adult members of the village are members of the gram sabha.
    • The gram sabha holds meetings at least twice a year to discuss important matters and problems of the village.
    • The gram sabha usually elects the people who form the gram panchayat.

    Gram Panchayat

    • The gram panchayat is elected by the gram sabha.
    • Seats are reserved for people from Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes and for women.
    • The gram panchayat is headed by the village pradhan or sarpanch, who is directly elected by the gram sabha.
    • The sarpanch announces and organizes meetings of the panchayat and signs important documents.

    Nyaya Panchayat

    • Some villages have a nyaya panchayat, which is elected by the gram panchayat.
    • The nyaya panchayat settles disputes among people and provides a cheap and speedy way to resolve disputes.

    Functions of the Panchayat

    • Compulsory functions include:
    • Constructing and repairing roads, bridges, drains, tanks, and wells.
    • Providing health facilities.
    • Supplying clean drinking water.
    • Keeping streets and roads clean.
    • Checking the spread of diseases.
    • Constructing buildings and maintaining cremation and burial grounds.
    • Providing primary education.
    • Recording births and deaths in the village.
    • Helping farmers develop and improve their farms and cattle.
    • Looking after the welfare of weaker sections of society.
    • Optional functions include:
    • Building playgrounds and rest houses.
    • Installing television and radio sets.

    Levels of Government in India

    • India operates at three levels of government:
    • Central government (based in New Delhi).
    • State government (based in state capitals).
    • Local self-government (based at the grass roots level).

    Local Self-Government

    • Local self-government lies at the bottom of the administrative pyramid.
    • The people of a locality elect their own representatives to form the local self-government.
    • Local self-governing bodies are of two kinds: rural and urban.
    • Rural bodies include zila parishads, block samitis, and panchayats.
    • Urban bodies include municipal corporations, municipalities, and cantonment boards.

    Urban Local Self-Governing Bodies

    • Municipal corporations, municipalities, and cantonment boards are urban local self-governing bodies.

    Panchayati Raj System

    • The panchayati raj system is a three-tiered system of local self-government at the rural level.
    • The three tiers are:
      • Panchayats at the village level
      • Block samitis at the block level
      • Zila parishads at the district level
    • The system has a long history in India, dating back to ancient times.
    • The British disrupted the system, but it was revived after Independence to involve villagers in their own affairs.

    Gram Sabha

    • A gram sabha is a village assembly consisting of all adult members of the village.
    • Villages with a population of 500 or more have a gram sabha.
    • The gram sabha holds meetings at least twice a year to discuss village problems and elects members of the gram panchayat.

    Gram Panchayat

    • The gram panchayat is a group of senior members elected by the gram sabha.
    • Seats are reserved for people from Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes, as well as for women (one-third of the seats).
    • The gram panchayat is headed by a village pradhan or sarpanch, who is directly elected by the gram sabha.

    Nyaya Panchayat

    • Some villages have a nyaya panchayat, which is elected by the gram panchayat.
    • The nyaya panchayat settles disputes among people, providing a cheap and speedy way to resolve disputes.

    Features of the Panchayat

    • The sarpanch announces and organizes meetings of the panchayat.
    • The vice-sarpanch takes over the responsibilities of the sarpanch in their absence.
    • Panchayats are elected for a term of 3 to 5 years.

    Functions of the Panchayat

    • Compulsory functions:
      • Constructs and repairs roads, bridges, drains, tanks, and wells.
      • Provides health facilities, clean drinking water, and sanitation.
      • Keeps streets and roads clean, and checks the spread of diseases.
      • Constructs buildings, maintains cremation and burial grounds, and provides primary education.
      • Records births and deaths, and helps farmers develop their farms and cattle.
      • Looks after the welfare of weaker sections of society.
    • Optional functions:
      • Builds playgrounds and rest houses, and installs television and radio sets.

    Levels of Government

    • India has a three-tiered system of government: central, state, and local self-government.
    • The central government is based in New Delhi and deals with national importance matters.
    • State governments are responsible for maintaining law and order, local transport, health services, and community development programmes.
    • Local self-governance lies at the bottom of the administrative pyramid and functions at the grassroots level.

    Panchayati Raj System

    • The panchayati raj system is a three-tiered system of local self-government in rural India.
    • It consists of panchayats at the village level, block samitis at the block level, and zila parishads at the district level.

    Gram Sabha

    • A gram sabha is a village assembly that consists of all adult members of the village.
    • It holds meetings at least twice a year to discuss important matters and problems of the village.
    • The gram sabha elects the members of the gram panchayat.

    Gram Panchayat

    • The gram panchayat is the basic unit of the panchayati raj system.
    • It is headed by a village pradhan or sarpanch, who is directly elected by the gram sabha.
    • The sarpanch has several responsibilities, including announcing and organizing meetings, signing important documents, and coordinating different activities.
    • The gram panchayat has both compulsory and optional functions, including constructing and repairing roads, providing health facilities, and supplying clean drinking water.

    Nyaya Panchayat

    • Some villages have a nyaya panchayat, which is elected by the gram panchayat.
    • The nyaya panchayat settles disputes among people and provides a cheap and speedy way to resolve disputes.

    Urban Local Self-Government

    • Urban local self-governing bodies are municipal corporations, municipalities, and cantonment boards.
    • They function at the town and city level.

    Local Self-Government

    • Local self-government lies at the bottom of the administrative pyramid and functions at the grass roots level.
    • The people of a locality elect their own representatives to form the local self-government of that area.
    • This body deals with local problems and looks after the basic needs of the local people.

    Government in India

    • India is a vast country with a large population, and the central government cannot attend to every need of the people in remote villages.
    • To make the task of administration easier, the government in India operates at three different levels: central, state, and local.
    • The central government deals with matters of national importance, while state governments are responsible for maintaining law and order, local transport, health services, etc. in their respective states.

    Central Government

    • Located in New Delhi, the capital of India
    • Deals with matters of national importance
    • Responsible for defence, national finance, foreign exchange, railways, and postal services

    State Government

    • India is divided into multiple states
    • Each state has its own government based in the state capital
    • Responsible for maintaining law and order in the state
    • Manages local transport, health services, and community development programmes in the state

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