Ottoman Empire and Somali History Quiz

The seizure of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire in 1453, marking a turning point in history.

The peak of the Ottoman Empire, known for territorial expansion, cultural achievements, and a powerful military.

A series of factors that led to the decline and eventual fall of the Ottoman Empire, including internal strife, external pressures, and weakening leadership.

The impact of the Ottoman decline on the Middle East, including the carving up of territories, the rise of European influence, and the emergence of new territorial divisions.

European powers sought to exploit Somalia for its resources, establish colonies, and spread Christian influence.

A ruler of the Ottoman Empire, known for expanding the empire's territory and wielding significant power.

A religious law based on Islamic teachings that guided many aspects of Ottoman society.

The split of Somalia into different territories controlled by European powers, leading to various political and social repercussions.

Sultan Ali Yusuf Kenedid sought Italy's protection to gain an advantage in his conflicts with the Sultan of Zanzibar and King Osman of the Majerten Sultanate. Italy, in turn, saw this as an opportunity to expand its influence in Somalia.

The rise of fascism in Italy led to a shift in their colonial policy in Somalia. This political ideology favored aggressive expansion and control over colonies.

Omar Samatar was a commander under Sultan Ali Yusuf who fought against Italian rule. He is known for killing Lieutenant-Colonel Splendor Elli. Sheikh Hassan Barsame, with close ties to the Dervish movements, established an armed group against Italian rule in Jiliyale. Sufi Bukari established a religious and social movement in the Shabelle region but was suppressed by Italy in Brawa.

The Somali Youth League (SYL) was founded on May 15, 1943, in Mogadishu.

The SYL aimed to unite all Somalis, educate the youth in modern ways, and adopt the Osmania Somali script.

The founders of the SYL included Abdulkadir Sheikh Sakhawadin, Yasin Hajji Osman Sharmake, Mohamed Hersi Nour (Seyedin), Hajji Mohamed Hussein, and Dhere Hajji Dhere.

A clash erupted between the Italian community and supporters of the SYL during a rally on January 11, 1948, in Mogadishu.

The Digil and Mirifle Party, also known as the Hisbul Disturul Digil and Mirifle (H.D.S.M), was formed in March 1947.

Competition between European nations for power, wealth, and colonies, leading to increased tensions and rivalries which ultimately contributed to the eruption of WWI.

A belief in military strength and preparedness as a way to achieve national greatness and security. This led to an arms race among European powers, further escalating tensions and contributing to WWI.

A powerful sense of national pride and unity, often accompanied by a desire for independence and territorial expansion. It fueled conflicts between various ethnic groups within empires and led to a sense of rivalry between nations, contributing to the outbreak of WWI.

A series of alliances between European nations, designed to provide mutual protection and support. However, these alliances created a complex system of commitments that could easily lead to a domino effect of war declarations.

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo, on June 28, 1914. This event triggered a chain reaction of diplomatic maneuvering and military mobilization, ultimately leading to the outbreak of WWI.

Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria. Allied Powers: Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Serbia, Japan, and the USA.

The use of new technologies in warfare during WWI, including fighter planes, bomber planes, submarines, machine guns, poisonous gas, and tanks. These advancements dramatically increased the scale and destructiveness of war, leading to unprecedented levels of casualties.

A period of intense fighting along the Western Front, characterized by trench warfare, machine guns, artillery bombardments, and high casualty rates. This phase of the war was characterized by its stalemate, with neither side able to achieve a decisive breakthrough.

The Somaliland National League's main goals were: to achieve independence and unify the Somali people; to foster social, political, and economic development; and to end tribal conflicts.

The United Somali Party (USP) was established in 1958.

All Somali political parties shared the same objective: to gain independence and unify Somalia.

The Italian Trust Administration was tasked with fostering the development of free political institutions and promoting the progress of its inhabitants towards independence.

A special UN advisory council, comprised of representatives from Colombia, Egypt, and the Philippines, was responsible for making recommendations and monitoring progress in Somalia.

The Trusteeship Council played the following roles in Somalia: overseeing progress, monitoring development, promoting welfare, and facilitating the path to independence.

In 1954, the first district council election was held, resulting in a victory for the S.Y.L. The first legislative assembly election took place in 1956, also won by the S.Y.L., leading to the appointment of Abdullahi Isse as the first prime minister of the representative government.

The Somali flag, designed by Mohamed Awale Liban on October 12, 1954, represents the country's identity and aspirations.

The ECOWAS aims to eliminate economic barriers between member states, creating a larger market and fostering social, economic, and political integration. It also plays a crucial role in conflict resolution and restoring peace within the region.

ECOWAS has faced challenges such as military coups in several member states, divided loyalties due to membership in other organizations, and a lack of infrastructure to support smooth operations.

Founded on December 8, 1994, COMESA's headquarters is located in Lusaka, Zambia. It aims to foster long-term prosperity, peace, and stability among member states through collaborative development and cooperation in various economic fields.

COMESA comprises many countries, including Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Egypt, Libya, Sudan, Tunisia, Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Burundi, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Uganda, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

COMESA has implemented coordinated economic policies, including in banking and finance, to promote financial stability in the region.

The African Union (AU) was founded to improve solidarity and unity among African nations, promoting collaboration in political, economic, and social areas. It prioritizes peace, security, and stability by resolving disputes peacefully.

The AU's structure includes various organs, each with specific roles. The Assembly is the highest decision-making body, while the Executive Council coordinates policy. The Commission, or Secretariat, carries out AU decisions. The Permanent Representatives Committee, Peace and Security Council, Pan-African Parliament, Court of Justice, Specialized Technical Committees, and Financial Institutions each contribute to the AU's functions.

The African Union has achieved several goals. It has helped resolve border conflicts between member states, condemned human rights violations, and encouraged infrastructure development. The AU gives African nations a unified voice on global matters and promotes cultural identity through sports and games.

Despite its successes, the African Union faces challenges. Ideological differences between member states, interference by powerful nations, disparities in economic development, inadequate funding, and conflicting loyalties to other organizations hinder its effectiveness. These factors affect cooperation and progress.

The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) was formally established on May 25th, 1975, with the aim of strengthening economic cooperation between West African nations.

The headquarters of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is located in Abuja, Nigeria.

The member states of ECOWAS are: Sierra Leone, Mali, Guinea, Liberia, Ghana, Senegal, Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea Bissau, Niger, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Gambia, Togo, Mauritania, and Cape Verde.

ECOWAS was formed to foster greater economic cooperation among its members, alleviate poverty, improve living standards, and establish a common market free of trade barriers.