Ottoman Empire and Somali History Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Who is considered the greatest Caliph of the Ottoman Caliphate?

Sultan Mohamed II

Sultan Murad I

Sultan Orhan Ghazi

Sultan Suleiman (correct)

What significant event did the Ottoman Empire achieve under Sultan Mehmed II?

The conquest of Constantinople (correct)

The unification of the Arab states

The signing of treaties with European powers

The establishment of the Empire's naval supremacy

Which of the following was NOT a factor in the decline of the Ottoman Empire?

Lack of unity among the people

Economic and social turmoil

Spread of nationalism

Adopting modern educational systems (correct)

What were the three primary objectives of European powers in colonizing Somalia?

Commercial, Colonial, and Religious Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the downfall of the Ottoman Empire have on Middle Eastern history?

It caused the division of Arab territory. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was an achievement of the Ottoman Caliphate?

Support for the arts and science Signup and view all the answers

Which Sultan is associated with the period of the Ottoman Empire known as its 'golden age'?

Sultan Suleiman Signup and view all the answers

What was one consequence of the internal issues faced by the Ottoman Empire?

Rise of Ethnic party movements Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main objectives of the Somaliland National League?

Cessation of tribal feuding Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the United Somali Party (USP) founded?

1958 Signup and view all the answers

What was Italy's new position in Somalia following its colonial rule?

Fostering development towards independence Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of the special U.N. advisory council in Somalia?

To make recommendations on development progress Signup and view all the answers

Which party won the first district council election in Somalia in 1954?

Somali Youth League Signup and view all the answers

When was the African Union (AU) formed?

2001 Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the aims of the African Union?

To preserve the sovereignty and independence of member states Signup and view all the answers

Who was nominated as the prime minister of the first representative government of Somalia?

Abdullahi Isse Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a long-term cause of the First World War?

Socialism Signup and view all the answers

How did Imperialism contribute to the onset of the First World War?

It encouraged countries to seek more colonies. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant impact of Militarism prior to the First World War?

An arms race among European nations Signup and view all the answers

Which event is recognized as the immediate cause of the First World War?

Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand Signup and view all the answers

Which countries were part of the Central Powers during the First World War?

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire Signup and view all the answers

Which was one of the new weapons used in World War I?

Submarines Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred on June 28, 1914 regarding the First World War?

Archduke Ferdinand was assassinated Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the Balkan Wars leading up to the First World War?

Increased nationalistic sentiments among ethnic groups Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary objectives of the African Union?

To realize and improve great African solidarity and unity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a structure of the African Union?

African Economic Commission Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a failure of the African Union?

Loyalty to other organizations among member states Signup and view all the answers

What achievement is associated with the African Union?

Condemnation of human rights violations Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant reason for the formation of ECOWAS?

To promote economic cooperation among member states Signup and view all the answers

When was ECOWAS formally established?

25th May 1975 Signup and view all the answers

Where is the headquarters of ECOWAS located?

Abuja, Nigeria Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following barriers does ECOWAS seek to eliminate?

Trade barriers Signup and view all the answers

What was one of Sultan Ali Yusuf Kenedid's reasons for accepting Italy's protection?

To utilize it in his conflict with the Sultan of Zanzibar Signup and view all the answers

Why did Italy alter its colonial policy in the 1920s within Somali territory?

Due to the rise of fascism Signup and view all the answers

What was one significant achievement of Omar Samatar during his resistance against Italian colonialism?

Killing Lieutenant-Colonel Splendor Elli Signup and view all the answers

In which city was the Somali Youth Club (SYC) founded?

Mogadishu Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the primary objectives of the Somali Youth League (SYL)?

To educate youth in modern ways of life Signup and view all the answers

What incident triggered the Ha-Nolato accident in Mogadishu in 1948?

Interference by the Italian community during an SYL rally Signup and view all the answers

When was the Digil and Mirifle Party founded?

March 1947 Signup and view all the answers

When was the Somaliland National Society (S.N.S) established?

1945 Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the achievements of ECOWAS?

Achieved economic barriers Signup and view all the answers

What failure has been experienced by ECOWAS member states?

Military coups in some member states Signup and view all the answers

When was the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) established?

8th December 1994 Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason for the formation of COMESA?

To enhance peace, security, and stability Signup and view all the answers

Which achievement is specifically attributed to COMESA?

Establishment of coordinated monetary, banking, and financial policies Signup and view all the answers

Why might ECOWAS member states prioritize domestic interests?

To focus on national development over regional integration Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge mentioned regarding ECOWAS's effectiveness?

Increased loyalty to non-member organizations Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ottoman Empire

The Ottomans entered Asia Minor in the last third of the 13th century
One of the Turkish tribes fled from Central Asia to Anatolia under Ertugrul I
Osman I was the founder of the Ottoman Caliphate
The Ottoman Empire was established in 1299 CE
Factors leading to the rise of the Ottoman Caliphate included the decline of Seljuks, the weakness of the Byzantine Empire, a sense of religious mission, religious freedom, and a solid organizational structure
The Sultan was the supreme authority, politically and militarily
The Timar system was a significant factor in the Ottoman Sultan's power
The Ottoman Sultan had absolute command, was the president of Islamic authority, and the defender of the faith (Islam)
The Diwans played roles in the Ottoman Caliphate, including preserving laws, issuing Sultan's decrees, and examining all state matters

Ottoman Caliphate

Factors leading to the rise of the empire included:
- The decline of Seljuks
- The weakness of the Byzantine Empire
- A sense of religious mission
- Religious freedom
- Solid organization
- An advantageous position
The Ottoman Sultan was the supreme authority
The key figures include Sultan Orhan Ghazi (1326-1360 CE), Sultan Murad I (1360-1391 CE), and Sultan Mohamed II (1451-1481 CE), and Sultan Suleiman (1520-1566 CE)
The conquest of Constantinople contributed to the empire's success
Important factors that led to the decline of the empire include the lack of people's unity and deviation from Islamic Sharia, along with economic and social turmoil, and autocratic Sultans

Somali Territory & Rise of Nationalism

The three primary objectives of European powers to colonize Somalia were: Commercial, Colonial, and Christianity objectives
Britain, France, and Italy partitioned Somalia
Britain's strategic interest in northern Somalia included supplying meat for their armies, seeking a short route to India, and the importance of Somalia's Red Sea coast
The treaty between the British and the Somali clans of Zeila, Bulhar, and Berbera in 1884 aimed at maintaining Somalia's independence and preserving order.

Pan-Africanism

The Pan-African movement emerged in the early 20th century, initiated by figures such as Marcus Garvey and W.E.B Dubois
Founding fathers of the Pan-African movement include W.E.B Dubois, George Padmore, Marcus Garvey, and Henry Sylvester
The movement's primary goals included unifying people of African origin, fighting white supremacy, ensuring democratic rights for Africans, improving living conditions, and advocating for the dignity of African people.

Industrial Revolutions

Industry is the manufacture of new goods from raw materials
The Industrial Revolution was a significant social and economic shift away from agricultural/commercial societies to modern industrial societies
Key characteristics included:
- The invention of new systems for mass production
- The use of machines
- The rise of the factory system
- Production of large quantities of goods
- Continued production
- The use of new sources of energy
- Development of science and technology
- Outline the conditions needed for industrialization (natural resources, manpower, skilled personnel, capital, business people, good transportation, strong government and markets)

World War One

The long-term causes include nationalism, imperialism, militarism, alliance system, economic rivalry, and Balkan wars
The immediate cause was the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914
Central powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire) and Allied powers (Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Serbia, Japan, and USA) were the two opposing sides
New weapons included fighter planes, bomber planes, submarines, machine guns, poison gas and tanks

League of Nations

The League of Nations aimed at maintaining peace through collective security, encouraging international relations, and resolving economic and social issues.
The League's headquarters was in Geneva, Switzerland
Key achievements included settling disputes, banning slavery, and protecting minorities
Failures included many countries not joining, lack of an armed force, and failure to prevent major conflicts

African Union

The African Union (AU) was created in 2001, replacing the Organization of African Unity
Aims include preserving sovereignty, promoting unity and cooperation, advancing peace, solving disputes peacefully, and achieving sustainable development
Structure includes the Assembly, Executive Council, Commission, and other bodies
Key achievements include resolving disputes, promoting unity, and establishing norms for relations
Failures include ideological differences, inadequate funding, and interfering by other nations

Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)

Objectives include economic cooperation and promotion of unity among member states
Failures include military coups and interference/influence from other powerful nations
Factors leading to formation include promoting economic cooperation, alleviating poverty, and creating common markets

Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)

Objectives include coordinated monetary, banking, and financial policies, improved transportation and communication, economic development, and peace.

Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)

Formed in 1996, with headquarters in Djibouti
Objectives include preventing/managing conflicts, coordinating development, and environmental sustainability.

Arab League

Founded in 1945, headquartered in Cairo
Aims include maintaining security and peace, coordinating political positions amongst member states, and protecting the independence of its member countries
Failures include inability to resolve major conflicts like the Gulf War
Achievements include coordination of foreign policies and support for its members.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the Ottoman Empire's greatest leaders and achievements, as well as the historical events that shaped Somalia's path to independence. This quiz covers significant figures, events, and objectives in both Ottoman and Somali history.