Podcast
Questions and Answers
Who is considered the greatest Caliph of the Ottoman Caliphate?
Who is considered the greatest Caliph of the Ottoman Caliphate?
- Sultan Mohamed II
- Sultan Murad I
- Sultan Orhan Ghazi
- Sultan Suleiman (correct)
What significant event did the Ottoman Empire achieve under Sultan Mehmed II?
What significant event did the Ottoman Empire achieve under Sultan Mehmed II?
- The conquest of Constantinople (correct)
- The unification of the Arab states
- The signing of treaties with European powers
- The establishment of the Empire's naval supremacy
Which of the following was NOT a factor in the decline of the Ottoman Empire?
Which of the following was NOT a factor in the decline of the Ottoman Empire?
- Lack of unity among the people
- Economic and social turmoil
- Spread of nationalism
- Adopting modern educational systems (correct)
What were the three primary objectives of European powers in colonizing Somalia?
What were the three primary objectives of European powers in colonizing Somalia?
What impact did the downfall of the Ottoman Empire have on Middle Eastern history?
What impact did the downfall of the Ottoman Empire have on Middle Eastern history?
Which of the following was an achievement of the Ottoman Caliphate?
Which of the following was an achievement of the Ottoman Caliphate?
Which Sultan is associated with the period of the Ottoman Empire known as its 'golden age'?
Which Sultan is associated with the period of the Ottoman Empire known as its 'golden age'?
What was one consequence of the internal issues faced by the Ottoman Empire?
What was one consequence of the internal issues faced by the Ottoman Empire?
What was one of the main objectives of the Somaliland National League?
What was one of the main objectives of the Somaliland National League?
In what year was the United Somali Party (USP) founded?
In what year was the United Somali Party (USP) founded?
What was Italy's new position in Somalia following its colonial rule?
What was Italy's new position in Somalia following its colonial rule?
What was the role of the special U.N. advisory council in Somalia?
What was the role of the special U.N. advisory council in Somalia?
Which party won the first district council election in Somalia in 1954?
Which party won the first district council election in Somalia in 1954?
When was the African Union (AU) formed?
When was the African Union (AU) formed?
What is one of the aims of the African Union?
What is one of the aims of the African Union?
Who was nominated as the prime minister of the first representative government of Somalia?
Who was nominated as the prime minister of the first representative government of Somalia?
Which of the following is NOT considered a long-term cause of the First World War?
Which of the following is NOT considered a long-term cause of the First World War?
How did Imperialism contribute to the onset of the First World War?
How did Imperialism contribute to the onset of the First World War?
What was a significant impact of Militarism prior to the First World War?
What was a significant impact of Militarism prior to the First World War?
Which event is recognized as the immediate cause of the First World War?
Which event is recognized as the immediate cause of the First World War?
Which countries were part of the Central Powers during the First World War?
Which countries were part of the Central Powers during the First World War?
Which was one of the new weapons used in World War I?
Which was one of the new weapons used in World War I?
What significant event occurred on June 28, 1914 regarding the First World War?
What significant event occurred on June 28, 1914 regarding the First World War?
What was a consequence of the Balkan Wars leading up to the First World War?
What was a consequence of the Balkan Wars leading up to the First World War?
What is one of the primary objectives of the African Union?
What is one of the primary objectives of the African Union?
Which of the following is not a structure of the African Union?
Which of the following is not a structure of the African Union?
Which of the following represents a failure of the African Union?
Which of the following represents a failure of the African Union?
What achievement is associated with the African Union?
What achievement is associated with the African Union?
What was a significant reason for the formation of ECOWAS?
What was a significant reason for the formation of ECOWAS?
When was ECOWAS formally established?
When was ECOWAS formally established?
Where is the headquarters of ECOWAS located?
Where is the headquarters of ECOWAS located?
Which of the following barriers does ECOWAS seek to eliminate?
Which of the following barriers does ECOWAS seek to eliminate?
What was one of Sultan Ali Yusuf Kenedid's reasons for accepting Italy's protection?
What was one of Sultan Ali Yusuf Kenedid's reasons for accepting Italy's protection?
Why did Italy alter its colonial policy in the 1920s within Somali territory?
Why did Italy alter its colonial policy in the 1920s within Somali territory?
What was one significant achievement of Omar Samatar during his resistance against Italian colonialism?
What was one significant achievement of Omar Samatar during his resistance against Italian colonialism?
In which city was the Somali Youth Club (SYC) founded?
In which city was the Somali Youth Club (SYC) founded?
What was one of the primary objectives of the Somali Youth League (SYL)?
What was one of the primary objectives of the Somali Youth League (SYL)?
What incident triggered the Ha-Nolato accident in Mogadishu in 1948?
What incident triggered the Ha-Nolato accident in Mogadishu in 1948?
When was the Digil and Mirifle Party founded?
When was the Digil and Mirifle Party founded?
When was the Somaliland National Society (S.N.S) established?
When was the Somaliland National Society (S.N.S) established?
What is one of the achievements of ECOWAS?
What is one of the achievements of ECOWAS?
What failure has been experienced by ECOWAS member states?
What failure has been experienced by ECOWAS member states?
When was the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) established?
When was the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) established?
What is one reason for the formation of COMESA?
What is one reason for the formation of COMESA?
Which achievement is specifically attributed to COMESA?
Which achievement is specifically attributed to COMESA?
Why might ECOWAS member states prioritize domestic interests?
Why might ECOWAS member states prioritize domestic interests?
What is a challenge mentioned regarding ECOWAS's effectiveness?
What is a challenge mentioned regarding ECOWAS's effectiveness?
Flashcards
Conquest of Constantinople
Conquest of Constantinople
The seizure of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire in 1453, marking a turning point in history.
Sultan Suleiman's Reign
Sultan Suleiman's Reign
The peak of the Ottoman Empire, known for territorial expansion, cultural achievements, and a powerful military.
Decline of the Ottoman Empire
Decline of the Ottoman Empire
A series of factors that led to the decline and eventual fall of the Ottoman Empire, including internal strife, external pressures, and weakening leadership.
Aftermath of the Ottoman Empire's Fall
Aftermath of the Ottoman Empire's Fall
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European Colonization of Somalia
European Colonization of Somalia
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Ottoman Sultan
Ottoman Sultan
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Islamic Sharia
Islamic Sharia
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Partition of Somali Territory
Partition of Somali Territory
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Why did Sultan Ali Yusuf Kenedid accept Italy's protection?
Why did Sultan Ali Yusuf Kenedid accept Italy's protection?
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What caused Italy's colonial policy change in Somali territory in the 1920s?
What caused Italy's colonial policy change in Somali territory in the 1920s?
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Describe the nationalist resistance by Omar Samatar, Sheikh Hassan Barsame, and Sufi Bukari.
Describe the nationalist resistance by Omar Samatar, Sheikh Hassan Barsame, and Sufi Bukari.
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When and where was the Somali Youth League (SYL) founded?
When and where was the Somali Youth League (SYL) founded?
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What were the main objectives of the Somali Youth League (SYL)?
What were the main objectives of the Somali Youth League (SYL)?
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Who were five founders of the Somali Youth League (SYL)?
Who were five founders of the Somali Youth League (SYL)?
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Why did the Ha-Nolato incident occur in Mogadishu in 1948?
Why did the Ha-Nolato incident occur in Mogadishu in 1948?
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When was the Digil and Mirifle Party founded?
When was the Digil and Mirifle Party founded?
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Imperialism's role in WWI
Imperialism's role in WWI
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Militarism's role in WWI
Militarism's role in WWI
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Nationalism's role in WWI
Nationalism's role in WWI
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Alliance system's role in WWI
Alliance system's role in WWI
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What started WWI?
What started WWI?
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Who fought in WWI?
Who fought in WWI?
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New weapons of WWI
New weapons of WWI
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Trench warfare of WWI
Trench warfare of WWI
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Somaliland National League Goals
Somaliland National League Goals
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When was the USP founded?
When was the USP founded?
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Common Goal of Somali Political Parties
Common Goal of Somali Political Parties
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Italy's Role in Post-Colonial Somalia
Italy's Role in Post-Colonial Somalia
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UN Advisory Council in Somalia
UN Advisory Council in Somalia
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Functions of the Trusteeship Council
Functions of the Trusteeship Council
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1954 & 1956 Elections: First Representative Government
1954 & 1956 Elections: First Representative Government
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History of Somalia's Flag
History of Somalia's Flag
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What are the goals of ECOWAS?
What are the goals of ECOWAS?
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What are the challenges faced by ECOWAS?
What are the challenges faced by ECOWAS?
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Key information about COMESA
Key information about COMESA
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What countries make up COMESA?
What countries make up COMESA?
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What are some of COMESA's achievements?
What are some of COMESA's achievements?
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What is the purpose of the African Union?
What is the purpose of the African Union?
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Describe the structure and organs of the African Union.
Describe the structure and organs of the African Union.
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What are some achievements of the African Union?
What are some achievements of the African Union?
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What challenges does the African Union face?
What challenges does the African Union face?
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When was ECOWAS founded, and what is its primary objective?
When was ECOWAS founded, and what is its primary objective?
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Where is the headquarters of ECOWAS located?
Where is the headquarters of ECOWAS located?
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Name the member states of ECOWAS.
Name the member states of ECOWAS.
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What were the main motivations for forming ECOWAS?
What were the main motivations for forming ECOWAS?
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Study Notes
Ottoman Empire
- The Ottomans entered Asia Minor in the last third of the 13th century
- One of the Turkish tribes fled from Central Asia to Anatolia under Ertugrul I
- Osman I was the founder of the Ottoman Caliphate
- The Ottoman Empire was established in 1299 CE
- Factors leading to the rise of the Ottoman Caliphate included the decline of Seljuks, the weakness of the Byzantine Empire, a sense of religious mission, religious freedom, and a solid organizational structure
- The Sultan was the supreme authority, politically and militarily
- The Timar system was a significant factor in the Ottoman Sultan's power
- The Ottoman Sultan had absolute command, was the president of Islamic authority, and the defender of the faith (Islam)
- The Diwans played roles in the Ottoman Caliphate, including preserving laws, issuing Sultan's decrees, and examining all state matters
Ottoman Caliphate
- Factors leading to the rise of the empire included:
- The decline of Seljuks
- The weakness of the Byzantine Empire
- A sense of religious mission
- Religious freedom
- Solid organization
- An advantageous position
- The Ottoman Sultan was the supreme authority
- The key figures include Sultan Orhan Ghazi (1326-1360 CE), Sultan Murad I (1360-1391 CE), and Sultan Mohamed II (1451-1481 CE), and Sultan Suleiman (1520-1566 CE)
- The conquest of Constantinople contributed to the empire's success
- Important factors that led to the decline of the empire include the lack of people's unity and deviation from Islamic Sharia, along with economic and social turmoil, and autocratic Sultans
Somali Territory & Rise of Nationalism
- The three primary objectives of European powers to colonize Somalia were: Commercial, Colonial, and Christianity objectives
- Britain, France, and Italy partitioned Somalia
- Britain's strategic interest in northern Somalia included supplying meat for their armies, seeking a short route to India, and the importance of Somalia's Red Sea coast
- The treaty between the British and the Somali clans of Zeila, Bulhar, and Berbera in 1884 aimed at maintaining Somalia's independence and preserving order.
Pan-Africanism
- The Pan-African movement emerged in the early 20th century, initiated by figures such as Marcus Garvey and W.E.B Dubois
- Founding fathers of the Pan-African movement include W.E.B Dubois, George Padmore, Marcus Garvey, and Henry Sylvester
- The movement's primary goals included unifying people of African origin, fighting white supremacy, ensuring democratic rights for Africans, improving living conditions, and advocating for the dignity of African people.
Industrial Revolutions
- Industry is the manufacture of new goods from raw materials
- The Industrial Revolution was a significant social and economic shift away from agricultural/commercial societies to modern industrial societies
- Key characteristics included:
- The invention of new systems for mass production
- The use of machines
- The rise of the factory system
- Production of large quantities of goods
- Continued production
- The use of new sources of energy
- Development of science and technology
- Outline the conditions needed for industrialization (natural resources, manpower, skilled personnel, capital, business people, good transportation, strong government and markets)
World War One
- The long-term causes include nationalism, imperialism, militarism, alliance system, economic rivalry, and Balkan wars
- The immediate cause was the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914
- Central powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire) and Allied powers (Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Serbia, Japan, and USA) were the two opposing sides
- New weapons included fighter planes, bomber planes, submarines, machine guns, poison gas and tanks
League of Nations
- The League of Nations aimed at maintaining peace through collective security, encouraging international relations, and resolving economic and social issues.
- The League's headquarters was in Geneva, Switzerland
- Key achievements included settling disputes, banning slavery, and protecting minorities
- Failures included many countries not joining, lack of an armed force, and failure to prevent major conflicts
African Union
- The African Union (AU) was created in 2001, replacing the Organization of African Unity
- Aims include preserving sovereignty, promoting unity and cooperation, advancing peace, solving disputes peacefully, and achieving sustainable development
- Structure includes the Assembly, Executive Council, Commission, and other bodies
- Key achievements include resolving disputes, promoting unity, and establishing norms for relations
- Failures include ideological differences, inadequate funding, and interfering by other nations
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
- Objectives include economic cooperation and promotion of unity among member states
- Failures include military coups and interference/influence from other powerful nations
- Factors leading to formation include promoting economic cooperation, alleviating poverty, and creating common markets
Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
- Objectives include coordinated monetary, banking, and financial policies, improved transportation and communication, economic development, and peace.
Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)
- Formed in 1996, with headquarters in Djibouti
- Objectives include preventing/managing conflicts, coordinating development, and environmental sustainability.
Arab League
- Founded in 1945, headquartered in Cairo
- Aims include maintaining security and peace, coordinating political positions amongst member states, and protecting the independence of its member countries
- Failures include inability to resolve major conflicts like the Gulf War
- Achievements include coordination of foreign policies and support for its members.
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