Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the most common bacterial cause of otitis media?
What is the most common bacterial cause of otitis media?
Which risk factor is NOT associated with otitis media?
Which risk factor is NOT associated with otitis media?
What distinguishes acute otitis media from otitis media effusion?
What distinguishes acute otitis media from otitis media effusion?
Which form of otitis media is associated with a spontaneous perforation?
Which form of otitis media is associated with a spontaneous perforation?
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Which type of otitis is characterized by inflammation in the inner ear affecting hearing and balance?
Which type of otitis is characterized by inflammation in the inner ear affecting hearing and balance?
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What is the primary cause of chronic suppurative otitis media?
What is the primary cause of chronic suppurative otitis media?
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Which symptom is typically absent in otitis media effusion compared to acute otitis media?
Which symptom is typically absent in otitis media effusion compared to acute otitis media?
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Which type of otitis externa extends into deeper tissues and can be life-threatening?
Which type of otitis externa extends into deeper tissues and can be life-threatening?
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Study Notes
Otitis Media
- Inflammation of middle ear
- Common type of otitis
- Causes:
- Streptococcus pneumoniae: 30-35%
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Moraxella catarrhalis
- Other bacteria: Group A Strep, etc.
- Risk Factors (Age):
- 6-24 months
- 4-5 years
- Short, wide, horizontal Eustachian tube
- Sex (sex differences)
- Risk Factors (Other):
- Anatomical abnormalities (e.g., cleft lip/palate)
- Narrow Eustachian tube
- Breastfeeding (breastfeeding positions)
- Seasons (autumn/winter)
- Crowded conditions
- Close contact
- Smoking
- Air pollution
- Routes of Infection:
- Eustachian tube (most common)
- External ear
- Perforated tympanic membrane
- Direct spread (mastoiditis)
- Blood-borne (less common)
Types of Otitis Media
- Acute Otitis Media (AOM):
- Bacterial infection
- Symptoms: Severe earache, fever, etc.
- Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media:
- Persistent fluid in middle ear
- Discharge through tympanic membrane perforation
- Recurrent episodes
- Serous/Secretory Otitis Media:
- Fluid (not pus) in middle ear
- Due to temporary blockage of Eustachian tube
- Can follow acute otitis media
Otitis Externa
- Definition: Infection of outer ear canal
- Causes:
- Bacteria
- Symptoms:
- Pain
- Swelling
- Discharge
- Types:
- Acute diffuse otitis externa (most common)
- Acute localized otitis externa (e.g., furunculosis)
- Chronic otitis externa (7+ weeks)
- Malignant necrotizing otitis externa (extending to deeper tissues)
Otitis Media/Associated Factors
- Clinical Findings:
- Erythema, pain, bulging tympanic membrane, loss of light reflex
- Examination to see signs of acute or chronic infection
Other Relevant Information
- Examination of the middle ear using otoscopy to detect inflammatory changes or fluid.
- Possible treatments include antibiotics or other medications.
- Glue ear (effusion) may be present.
Otitis Interna
- Definition: Inflammation of inner ear
- Causes:
- Infections
- Injury
- Symptoms:
- Hearing loss
- Balance problems
Otitis Media Complications
- Possible Complications: Chronic ear infection, hearing loss, mastoiditis
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Description
This quiz covers the essential information on otitis media, including its causes, risk factors, and routes of infection. Learn about the differences between acute and chronic otitis media, as well as the bacteria commonly involved. Test your knowledge on this common ear condition and its implications for various age groups.
