Acute Otitis Media Overview

<p>6 to 12 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Boys more than girls (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Otitis Media with Effusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute Otitis Media (AOM) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seasonality, particularly during rainy seasons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococcus pneumoniae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its shorter length, wider diameter, more horizontal orientation, and reduced stiffness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exposure to tobacco smoke (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absorption of air and negative middle ear pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conductive hearing loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram negative bacilli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperemia of the middle ear mucosa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bulging tympanic membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resolution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Septic focus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red, displaced, opaque, and immobile membrane. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All children with AOM have conductive hearing loss, so the test is not diagnostic. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dental abscess. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conductive hearing loss (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic fatigue syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meningitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encouraging passive tobacco smoke exposure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adenoidectomy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conjugated vaccine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poor nasal hygiene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It occurs due to inflammation in the petrous part of the temporal bone. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It aims to reduce the incidence of AOM through targeted immunization. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To perform a bacterial culture and sensitivity test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CT scan of the temporal bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic purulent drainage through a perforated tympanic membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ciprofloxacin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To eliminate bacterial colonization in the nasopharynx (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myringotomy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid filling spaces in the mastoid process (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visible fluid behind an intact tympanic membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the middle ear cleft, happening quickly and lasting less than three weeks.

The tube connecting the middle ear to the back of the throat, helps equalize pressure.

The area that includes the tympanic cavity, Eustachian tube, and mastoid air cells.

AOM is much more common in young children, especially in the first 6-12 months, and less common after age 7.

Boys are more likely to have AOM compared to girls.

Most children have at least one ear infection in their lifetime.

AOM is the second most common illness in childhood, right after upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs).

A child with AOM is often irritable, has fever, ear pain, reduced hearing and may have a bulging eardrum.

Appearance of pus in the middle ear and possibly mastoid air cells, causing the tympanic membrane to bulge.

The inflammatory process resolves, characterized by the rupture of the tympanic membrane (TM), leading to drainage (otorrhea) and the easing of other symptoms.

Complications can affect the temporal bone (intratemporal) or the brain (intracranial).

The only symptom in newborns may be irritability or difficulty feeding.

Children older than infants may experience fever, ear pain (otalgia), reduced hearing, and possibly ear tugging.

Adults may experience ear pain and stuffiness, and hearing loss becomes a persistent feature of AOM.

The examination of the tympanic membrane (TM) is crucial. A pneumatic otoscope is used to assess middle ear pressure and mobility.

Signs observed in AOM include redness, displacement, opaqueness, and immobility of the tympanic membrane.

The Eustachian tube (ET) is shorter, wider, more horizontal, and less stiff in children than adults. This makes it easier for bacteria to travel from the nose and throat to the middle ear.

Large adenoids can block the opening of the Eustachian tube, preventing proper drainage and increasing the risk of infection.

The immature immune system in children makes them less able to fight off infections, including those in the middle ear.

The most common bacteria causing middle ear infections in children are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis.

The Eustachian tube is the most common route of infection, allowing bacteria to travel from the nose and throat to the middle ear.

A perforated eardrum, resulting from infection or injury, can allow bacteria to enter the middle ear from the external ear canal.

The blood can carry bacteria to the middle ear, but this is a less common route of infection.

The middle ear pressure drops as air is absorbed, causing the eardrum to retract. This can lead to symptoms like ear fullness, hearing loss, and pain.

Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain, often triggered by AOM, making it the most common intracranial complication.

A potentially serious condition involving blood clots in the sigmoid sinus, a vein near the ear. It can be a complication of AOM.

A build-up of pus outside the dura mater, the brain's tough outer layer, caused by infection and can be associated with AOM.

A collection of pus within the dura mater, affecting the brain's outer layer, potentially stemming from AOM.

Inflammation of the brain's white matter, potentially linked to AOM, causing inflammation.

An abscess within the brain itself, a complication of AOM that can be life-threatening.

A rare complication of AOM involving a blood clot in the lateral sinus, a vein near the ear.

A procedure where a small needle is inserted into the eardrum to drain fluid from the middle ear and collect a sample for testing.

This imaging technique helps identify if there are any complications in the middle ear, such as fluid buildup in the mastoid bone.

This condition involves fluid buildup in the middle ear without signs of infection. Symptoms include temporary hearing loss and a feeling of fullness in the ear.

This chronic ear infection involves persistent drainage from the ear through a perforated eardrum.

These are drugs often prescribed for treating AOM, including amoxicillin, augmentin, cefuroxime, and azithromycin.

This surgical procedure involves creating a tiny hole in the eardrum to drain fluid and relieve pressure.

This surgical procedure removes the adenoids, which can contribute to recurrent ear infections by obstructing the Eustachian tube and harboring bacteria.

This treatment involves inserting small tubes into the eardrums to maintain ventilation and prevent fluid buildup.