Osteoporosis Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of osteoporosis?

Vitamin D deficiency

Hormonal imbalance

Increased osteoclast activity (correct)

Decreased osteoblast activity

What is the primary way N. meningitidis is transmitted?

Through contaminated food and water

Through contact with an infected person

Through a skin wound

Through inhalation of respiratory droplets (correct)

What is the primary purpose of Raloxifene/Evista in the treatment of osteoporosis?

To reduce muscle spasms

To inhibit osteoclast activity

To promote bone remodeling (correct)

To increase calcium absorption

What is the primary complication of plasmapheresis?

Urticarial rash Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of treatment for migraine headaches?

To relieve pain and alleviate symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way to diagnose meningococcal meningitis?

CSF exam via lumbar puncture Signup and view all the answers

What is the Glasgow Coma Scale used to assess?

Level of consciousness Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk factor for osteoporosis in post-menopausal women?

Decreased estrogen levels Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a typical characteristic of the cerebrospinal fluid in a viral infection?

Clear appearance with increased protein and normal glucose levels Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic symptom of Alzheimer's disease?

Short-term memory loss Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is commonly used to treat Parkinson's disease?

Requip Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of nursing care for a patient with Alzheimer's disease?

To manage symptoms and support patient independence Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of epilepsy?

Sudden onset of seizures Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of nursing care for a patient with epilepsy?

To monitor for seizure activity and provide supportive care Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a prolonged seizure that lasts more than 5 minutes?

Status epilepticus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a nursing intervention for a patient with Parkinson's disease?

Promote independence and suction at bedside Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Osteoporosis

Chronic condition that leads to bone deterioration and fractures
Characterized by more osteoclasts than osteoblasts
Risk factors include alcohol, Vitamin D deficiency, caffeine, and age (post-menopausal women)
Diagnosis: bone mineral density test (T score)
- -1 and above is normal
- -1 to -2.5 indicates low bone density
- -2.5 and below indicates osteoporosis
Treatment: prevention, muscle strengthening, Calcium and Vitamin D supplements, bisphosphonates, and estrogen antagonists

Meningococcal Meningitis

Inflammation of the meninges caused by bacteria N.meningitidis
Inhaled through the respiratory tract
Symptoms: fever, headache, altered mental status, nuchal rigidity, and petechial rash
Diagnosis: CSF exam via lumbar puncture
Treatment: broad-spectrum antibiotics for 14-21 days
Droplet precautions necessary

Glasgow Coma Scale

Used to assess the level of consciousness (LOC) in someone with a brain injury
Assesses eye opening, verbal response, and motor movement
Scale: severe (8 or less), moderate (9-12), and mild (13-15)
Decrease in 2 or more points requires reassessment

Plasmapheresis

Removal of plasma or substances from plasma
Used to treat autoimmune diseases and for donation
Complications: decreased Calcium, urticarial rash, and bacterial infection

Migraine Headaches

Unknown cause, multiple triggers
Symptoms: pain, language changes, and visual disturbances
Treatment: NSAIDs, muscle relaxants, Imitrex (contraindicated in cardiac/angina patients), beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and antidepressants
Nursing interventions: dark room, cool cloth over eyes, silence, and taking medications as prescribed

Viral Meningitis

Inflammation of the meninges caused by a viral infection
Symptoms: fever, headache, altered mental status, and nuchal rigidity
Diagnosis: CSF with viral infection shows clear fluid, increased protein, and normal glucose
Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear fluid found in the brain and spinal cord, assessed in neurological conditions

Alzheimer's Disease

Gradual progression of brain function loss
Affects memory, thinking, and behavior
Symptoms: forgetfulness, language difficulty, short-term memory loss, personality changes, and difficulty with problem-solving
Diagnosis: autopsy, symptoms
No cure, medications help with progression (Aricept, Namenda)
Nursing interventions: reorienting patients, acknowledging them, engaging them in activities, using gestures and pictures, validating feelings, and monitoring in new environments

Parkinson Disease

Progressive neurodegenerative disease of the CNS, affecting motor function
Symptoms: resting tremors, muscle rigidity, slowness or loss of movement, postural instability, and mask-like face
Treatment: anticholinergics, dopamine receptor agonists (Requip)
Nursing interventions: smaller frequent meals, increasing head of bed (HOB), promoting independence, and suctioning at bedside

Epilepsy

Chronic disorder with two seizures occurring within 24 hours of each other
Symptoms: sensory disturbances, loss of consciousness, and convulsions
Treatment: anticonvulsants, brain surgery
Nursing interventions: IV access patent, suctioning at bedside, side rails up

Sudden, uncontrolled, excessive discharge of electrical activity from the brain
Symptoms: behavior changes, convulsions, and loss of consciousness
Types: partial and generalized
Diagnosis: CT, MRI
Treatment: anticonvulsants (often in combination)
Status epilepticus: prolonged seizure greater than 5 minutes, emergency situation
Treatment: IV Ativan, then phenytoin

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Description

This quiz covers osteoporosis, a chronic condition characterized by bone deterioration leading to fractures. Learn about the risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of this silent disease.