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Questions and Answers
What is the result of gradual collapse of the vertebral body without symptoms?
What is the term for the outward curvature of the spine in the upper back?
What happens to the abdominal muscles as a result of postural changes?
What is another term for protruding abdomen?
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What is pulmonary insufficiency?
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What is a potential consequence of balance issues?
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What is the term for the increased risk of falling due to balance problems?
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Which of the following is NOT a term for a medical condition?
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What is the most prevalent bone disease in the world?
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How many osteoporotic fractures occur every year?
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What is a major risk factor for osteoporosis?
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What is osteopenia?
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What is the result of altered bone turnover in osteoporosis?
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What happens to bones in osteoporosis?
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What is primary osteoporosis?
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What is a common risk factor for osteoporosis?
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What is the result of decreased calcitonin?
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What is a common medication that increases the risk of osteoporosis?
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What type of ileus may a patient develop if the vertebral collapse involves the T10-L2 vertebrae?
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Why is it important for the nurse to monitor the patient's bowel sounds?
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What is the primary reason for the nurse to monitor the patient's intake?
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What is the nurse monitoring the patient's bowel activity for?
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What is the potential consequence of vertebral collapse involving the T10-L2 vertebrae?
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What type of exercises can strengthen trunk muscles?
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What does the nurse encourage to promote good posture?
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Why is good posture important?
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What can help maintain good posture?
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What is the benefit of strengthening trunk muscles?
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Study Notes
Osteoporosis
- Osteoporosis is the most prevalent bone disease in the world.
- More than 1.5 million osteoporotic fractures occur every year.
- Fractures requiring hospitalization have risen significantly over the past two decades.
- More than 10 million Americans have osteoporosis, and an additional 33.6 million have osteopenia (i.e., low bone mineral density).
Risk Factors
- Physical inactivity
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Lack of weight-bearing exercise
- Genetics
- Female sex
- Family history
- Small-framed women
- Caffeine consumption
- Smoking
- Low testosterone in men
- Postmenopause
- Advanced age
- Decreased calcitonin
- Comorbidity (e.g., anorexia nervosa, glucose tolerance, diabetes, rheumatoid disease, hyperthyroidism, bone fracture, malabsorption syndrome, renal failure, and celiac disease)
- Medications (e.g., corticosteroids, antiseizure, heparin, thyroid hormone, PPI)
Pathophysiology
- Reduced bone mass
- Deterioration of bone matrix
- Diminished bone architectural strength
- Altered normal homeostatic bone turnover
- Imbalanced bone resorption and formation rates
- Bones become progressively porous, brittle, and fragile
Types of Osteoporosis
- Primary osteoporosis occurs in women after menopause (usually by age 51)
Complications
- Kyphosis (Dowager hump)
- Postural changes result in relaxation of the abdominal muscles
- Protruding abdomen
- Pulmonary insufficiency
- Increased risk for falls related to balance issues
- Paralytic ileus (if vertebral collapse involves T10–L2 vertebrae)
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Description
Learn about osteoporosis, a bone disease that affects bone density and strength, leading to fractures and other complications. Discover its prevalence, symptoms, and impact on global health.
