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Questions and Answers
What distinguishes early onset from late onset infections?
What distinguishes early onset from late onset infections?
Which pathogen is most commonly associated with early onset infections?
Which pathogen is most commonly associated with early onset infections?
What is rare in late onset infections?
What is rare in late onset infections?
What does an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or C-reactive protein (CRP) level help to exclude?
What does an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or C-reactive protein (CRP) level help to exclude?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of late onset infections?
Which of the following is a characteristic of late onset infections?
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What is the primary pathogenic source of osteomyelitis in adults?
What is the primary pathogenic source of osteomyelitis in adults?
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Which circumstance is least frequently associated with adult long-bone osteomyelitis?
Which circumstance is least frequently associated with adult long-bone osteomyelitis?
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In children, osteomyelitis typically arises due to which of the following?
In children, osteomyelitis typically arises due to which of the following?
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What imaging technique is mentioned in relation to examining a 53-year-old man with osteomyelitis?
What imaging technique is mentioned in relation to examining a 53-year-old man with osteomyelitis?
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Which statement accurately describes the occurrence of osteomyelitis in adults?
Which statement accurately describes the occurrence of osteomyelitis in adults?
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What is the leading initial symptom of osteomyelitis?
What is the leading initial symptom of osteomyelitis?
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What percentage of thoracic spine cases are affected by osteomyelitis?
What percentage of thoracic spine cases are affected by osteomyelitis?
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Which organism is commonly associated with osteomyelitis?
Which organism is commonly associated with osteomyelitis?
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Which mechanism is NOT a way osteomyelitis can develop?
Which mechanism is NOT a way osteomyelitis can develop?
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Which type of osteomyelitis is characterized by symptoms lasting less than 2 weeks?
Which type of osteomyelitis is characterized by symptoms lasting less than 2 weeks?
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What percentage of osteomyelitis cases primarily affects the lumbar spine?
What percentage of osteomyelitis cases primarily affects the lumbar spine?
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What condition is a common cause of neurologic signs and symptoms in osteomyelitis?
What condition is a common cause of neurologic signs and symptoms in osteomyelitis?
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In children, which bones are most commonly involved in osteomyelitis?
In children, which bones are most commonly involved in osteomyelitis?
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What is the most commonly isolated organism in cases of osteomyelitis according to the information provided?
What is the most commonly isolated organism in cases of osteomyelitis according to the information provided?
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What is the standard treatment duration for osteomyelitis mentioned?
What is the standard treatment duration for osteomyelitis mentioned?
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Which diagnostic method is identified as the current gold standard for osteomyelitis?
Which diagnostic method is identified as the current gold standard for osteomyelitis?
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In cases of secondary sternal osteomyelitis, what is always required?
In cases of secondary sternal osteomyelitis, what is always required?
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What are the leading symptoms of osteomyelitis?
What are the leading symptoms of osteomyelitis?
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What is the most common manifestation of hematogenous bone infection in adults?
What is the most common manifestation of hematogenous bone infection in adults?
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In patients with negative blood cultures, what procedure is necessary for diagnosis?
In patients with negative blood cultures, what procedure is necessary for diagnosis?
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Which imaging procedure is considered the gold standard for diagnosing osteomyelitis?
Which imaging procedure is considered the gold standard for diagnosing osteomyelitis?
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Which route is NOT mentioned as a way microorganisms can invade the disk?
Which route is NOT mentioned as a way microorganisms can invade the disk?
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What should be done if a patient has sepsis syndrome in relation to antibiotic treatment?
What should be done if a patient has sepsis syndrome in relation to antibiotic treatment?
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What is a potential treatment option for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections?
What is a potential treatment option for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of vertebral osteomyelitis?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of vertebral osteomyelitis?
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How should bone samples be cultured for vertebral osteomyelitis?
How should bone samples be cultured for vertebral osteomyelitis?
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Why is plain radiography useful in evaluating patients without neurologic symptoms?
Why is plain radiography useful in evaluating patients without neurologic symptoms?
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What is an important indication for performing MRI promptly?
What is an important indication for performing MRI promptly?
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What is a common risk factor associated with diabetic foot infections?
What is a common risk factor associated with diabetic foot infections?
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What is a crucial step in diagnosing a clinically infected foot ulcer?
What is a crucial step in diagnosing a clinically infected foot ulcer?
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Which bacteria is commonly isolated in cases of diabetic foot infections?
Which bacteria is commonly isolated in cases of diabetic foot infections?
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What is the recommended empirical antimicrobial therapy for foot infections?
What is the recommended empirical antimicrobial therapy for foot infections?
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Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for diabetic foot infections?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for diabetic foot infections?
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What is the likelihood of isolating anaerobes in diabetic foot infections?
What is the likelihood of isolating anaerobes in diabetic foot infections?
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What should be the focus of antibiotic treatment if a foot ulcer is clinically infected?
What should be the focus of antibiotic treatment if a foot ulcer is clinically infected?
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Why is it important to have an active agent against methicillin-resistant S.aureus?
Why is it important to have an active agent against methicillin-resistant S.aureus?
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Study Notes
Infections of the Musculoskeletal System
- Infections can affect bones, joints, and muscles.
- Osteomyelitis is a bone infection, often caused by bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus.
- Vertebral osteomyelitis is a common type, often affecting the spine.
- Acute vertebral osteomyelitis lasts less than two weeks.
- Subacute vertebral osteomyelitis lasts two weeks to six weeks.
- Hematogenous spread, contiguous spread, and secondary infection from vascular insufficiency are the three mechanisms for osteomyelitis.
- Long bones are commonly affected in children.
- In adults, the vertebral column is frequently affected.
- Infections of the long bones are often acquired from trauma or operation.
- Post-traumatic or post-surgical osteomyelitis in adults is most often caused by exogenous infections.
- Periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) are infections around artificial joints.
- These often happen in the first few postoperative years.
- Staphylococci (S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci) are common causes in PJIs.
- Poststernotomy infections result from infections in the sternum after open-heart surgery.
- Staphylococcus aureus is the common cause of these infections.
- Foot osteomyelitis often affects individuals with diabetes or peripheral nerve damage.
Osteomyelitis
- Occurs via hematogenous spread, contiguous spread, or secondary site infections.
- Bacteria and potentially other microorganisms cause the problem.
- Manifestations include fever and back pain, with the location correlating to the infection site.
- Neurologic deficits like radiculopathy are possible complications.
Infectious Arthritis
- Acute bacterial arthritis, sometimes caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus.
- Gonococcal arthritis usually occurs in sexually active individuals.
- Joint pain, swelling, and redness are common symptoms.
- Blood tests, synovial fluid analysis, and imaging are diagnostic tools.
- Treatment involves antibiotics and joint drainage in severe cases.
Skeletal Tuberculosis
- Tuberculosis can affect bone and joints.
- It typically involves weight-bearing joints like hips, knees, and ankles.
- An effective treatment plan for tuberculous arthritis is necessary.
- This treatment is similar to that of pulmonary tuberculosis, requiring multiple drugs for 6 to 12 months.
Pyomyositis
- Staphylococcal infections of the muscle tissue.
- Thigh muscles are frequently affected.
- Diagnosis uses imaging (CT or MRI) for edema or abscess evaluation.
Gas Gangrene
- Clostridial (like C. perfringens) infection in subcutaneous tissues, often involving muscle.
- Often from wound contamination, it causes rapid tissue swelling and discoloration.
- Diagnosis is primarily clinical, with crepitus and foul odor being common features.
Necrotizing Fasciitis
- Rapidly spreading infection of subcutaneous tissue and muscles.
- Streptococcus pyogenes is a common cause, referred to as flesh-eating disease.
- Prompt diagnosis and aggressive surgical debridement are crucial.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the differences between early and late onset infections, specifically focusing on osteomyelitis. This quiz covers causative pathogens, diagnostic indicators, and imaging techniques relevant to osteomyelitis in both adults and children.
