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Questions and Answers
What is osteomyelitis?
What is osteomyelitis?
What is the primary route of bacterial entry into the bone in osteomyelitis?
What is the primary route of bacterial entry into the bone in osteomyelitis?
What is acute osteomyelitis?
What is acute osteomyelitis?
What is the primary cause of bone tissue damage in osteomyelitis?
What is the primary cause of bone tissue damage in osteomyelitis?
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What is a common symptom of osteomyelitis?
What is a common symptom of osteomyelitis?
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What is used to assess bone damage and inflammation in osteomyelitis?
What is used to assess bone damage and inflammation in osteomyelitis?
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What is the primary goal of antibiotics in treating osteomyelitis?
What is the primary goal of antibiotics in treating osteomyelitis?
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What is the purpose of surgical debridement in osteomyelitis?
What is the purpose of surgical debridement in osteomyelitis?
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Study Notes
Definition and Causes
- Osteomyelitis is a type of infection that affects the bone and bone marrow
- Caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses that enter the bone through:
- Open wounds or fractures
- Bloodstream (hematogenous spread)
- Contiguous spread from adjacent tissues
- Surgical procedures
Types of Osteomyelitis
- Acute osteomyelitis: Rapid onset, usually within 2 weeks
- Chronic osteomyelitis: Long-standing infection, often with persistent symptoms
- Subacute osteomyelitis: Gradual onset, between acute and chronic forms
Pathophysiology
- Infection causes inflammation and bone destruction
- Bone tissue is damaged due to:
- Direct bacterial or fungal invasion
- Inflammatory response
- Ischemia (reduced blood flow)
- Can lead to:
- Bone necrosis
- Sequestration (dead bone tissue)
- Involucrum (new bone growth around infected area)
Symptoms
- Pain: Often severe, localized, and worsening over time
- Swelling: Around the affected area
- Redness: Warmth and erythema
- Fever
- Drainage: Pus or discharge from the wound
- Limited mobility: Due to pain and stiffness
Diagnosis
- Medical history: Recent trauma, surgery, or underlying medical conditions
- Physical examination: Pain, swelling, redness, warmth, and limited mobility
- Imaging studies: X-rays, CT, MRI, or bone scans to assess bone damage and inflammation
- Lab tests: Blood cultures, complete blood count (CBC), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) to identify infection and inflammation
Treatment
- Antibiotics: Targeted against the causative organism
- Surgical debridement: Removal of infected tissue and bone
- Drainage: Of abscesses or infected areas
- Pain management: Analgesics and immobilization
- Rehabilitation: Restoration of function and mobility
Definition and Causes
- Osteomyelitis is a type of bone infection caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses.
- Infection can enter the bone through open wounds, fractures, bloodstream, contiguous spread from adjacent tissues, or surgical procedures.
Types of Osteomyelitis
- Acute osteomyelitis: Rapid onset, usually within 2 weeks.
- Chronic osteomyelitis: Long-standing infection, often with persistent symptoms.
- Subacute osteomyelitis: Gradual onset, between acute and chronic forms.
Pathophysiology
- Infection causes inflammation and bone destruction due to direct bacterial or fungal invasion, inflammatory response, and ischemia.
- Bone tissue damage leads to bone necrosis, sequestration, and involucrum.
Symptoms
- Severe, localized, and worsening pain.
- Swelling around the affected area.
- Redness, warmth, and erythema.
- Fever.
- Pus or discharge from the wound.
- Limited mobility due to pain and stiffness.
Diagnosis
- Medical history of recent trauma, surgery, or underlying medical conditions.
- Physical examination reveals pain, swelling, redness, warmth, and limited mobility.
- Imaging studies (X-rays, CT, MRI, or bone scans) assess bone damage and inflammation.
- Lab tests (blood cultures, CBC, and ESR) identify infection and inflammation.
Treatment
- Antibiotics targeted against the causative organism.
- Surgical debridement removes infected tissue and bone.
- Drainage of abscesses or infected areas.
- Pain management with analgesics and immobilization.
- Rehabilitation for restoration of function and mobility.
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Description
Learn about osteomyelitis, a bone infection caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses, and its types, including acute and chronic osteomyelitis.
