Osteology of the Upper Limb Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the clavicle?

  • Serves as a rigid support for the scapula (correct)
  • Facilitates wrist movement
  • Supports the ribs
  • Protects the heart

    • The clavicle has a medullary cavity.

    False

    What are the two ends of the clavicle called?

    medial (sternal) end and lateral (acromial) end

    The clavicle articulates with the sternum and the ________.

    <p>scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the weakest part of the clavicle located?

    <p>Between the middle and lateral one-thirds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fractures of the clavicle can occur during childbirth.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ribs does the scapula overlie?

    <p>2nd to 7th ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The posterior surface of the scapula is divided by the spine into the supraspinous fossa and ________ fossa.

    <p>infraspinous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following features to the respective bone:

    <p>Clavicle = Weakest part fractures commonly Scapula = Allows arm movement on thoracic wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct anatomical position of the body?

    <p>Hands are at the sides, palms facing forward, feet together, eyes straight ahead.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the anatomical position, the terms left and right refer to the observer's left and right.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where would Bruce experience pain if he has gallbladder problems?

    <p>right upper quadrant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __ peritoneum surrounds organs and the __ peritoneum lines the __.

    <p>visceral; parietal; abdominopelvic cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body cavity will be opened if a surgeon makes an incision just inferior to the diaphragm?

    <p>Pleural cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A transverse section divides the body into left and right parts.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What region of the abdomen is associated with gallbladder pain?

    <p>epigastric region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __ cavity contains the heart.

    <p>pericardial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bones is located in the proximal row of the carpal bones?

    <p>Lunate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the metacarpal is articulating with the proximal phalanx?

    <p>Head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The carpal bones articulate distally with the metacarpals.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following body cavities with their descriptions:

    <p>Pleural cavity = Contains the lungs Pericardial cavity = Contains the heart Abdominopelvic cavity = Contains digestive organs Dorsal cavity = Contains the brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each metacarpal has a base, shaft, and head.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The abdominal cavity is considered a part of the dorsal cavity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape is the Scaphoid bone?

    <p>boat-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The carpal tunnel is formed by the concavity of the carpus and the __________.

    <p>flexor retinaculum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many phalanges are present in one hand?

    <p>Fourteen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first metacarpal's head is ______ than the other metacarpals.

    <p>wider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following carpal bones with their descriptions:

    <p>Scaphoid = Boat-shaped bone Lunate = Crescent-shaped Triquetral = Three-sided bone Pisiform = Small round bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of fractures with their descriptions:

    <p>Boxer's fracture = Fracture of the neck of the 1st &amp; 2nd metacarpal Comminuted fracture = Fracture of the distal phalanx with hematoma Crushing injury = Injury from fingers caught in a car door</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bones is the largest of the carpal bones?

    <p>Capitate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Trapezium bone is a wedge-shaped bone.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of the shaft of phalanges?

    <p>Curved and convex dorsally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many metacarpal bones are present in the human hand?

    <p>five</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the ulna articulates with the trochlea of the humerus?

    <p>Trochlear notch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The distal row of carpal bones includes Trapezium, Trapezoid, __________, and Hamate.

    <p>Capitate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ulna has a cylindrical shaft that becomes broader inferiorly.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carpal bone has a prominent hook on its palmar surface?

    <p>Hamate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fractures are commonly associated with the distal radius?

    <p>Colle's fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rounded head of the ulna is connected to the shaft by the ______.

    <p>neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is formed by the radial notch of the ulna?

    <p>Pivot joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The coronoid process of the ulna enters the coronoid fossa of the humerus during full extension.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the three surfaces of the ulna's shaft.

    <p>Anterior, posterior, medial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ulna primarily allows ______ and ______ movements at the elbow joint.

    <p>flexion, extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of the hand with their respective descriptions:

    <p>Carpals = Bones of the wrist Metacarpals = Bones of the palm Phalanges = Bones of the fingers Styloid process = Projection from the ulna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary articulation between the radius and ulna?

    <p>Distal radio-ulna joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Osteology of the Upper Limb

    • The clavicle is a long bone, but it has no medullary (bone marrow) cavity.
    • The clavicle functions to suspend the scapula and free upper limb, transmit forces from the upper limb to the axial skeleton, and provides attachment for muscles.
    • The medial (sternal) end of the clavicle is enlarged and triangular, while the lateral (acromial) end is flattened and elongated.
    • The medial 2/3 of the clavicle shaft is convex forward, and the lateral 1/3 is concave forward.

    Osteology - Scapula

    • The scapula is a large triangular flat bone located between the 2nd and 7th ribs
    • The scapula's functions are to provide attachment for muscles and have considerable movement on the thoracic wall to enable free arm movement.
    • The scapula has two surfaces:
      • Costal (concave anterior): forms the large subscapular fossa
      • Posterior: divided by the spine of the scapula into
        • Smaller Supraspinous fossa (above the spine)
        • Larger Infraspinous fossa (below the spine)

    Fractures of the Clavicle

    • Fractures of the clavicle are common, particularly in slender children.
    • The weakest point of the clavicle is the junction between the middle and lateral one-thirds, making it the most likely site for fractures.
    • Clavicle fractures can also happen during childbirth, especially in babies with broad shoulders, but these heal quickly.

    The Bones of the Forearm - ULNA

    • The ulna has two notches - the trochlear notch and the radial notch.
    • The trochlear notch articulates with the trochlea of the humerus, forming the elbow joint.
    • The radial notch is a smooth, rounded concavity lateral to the coronoid process, articulating with the head of the radius to form the proximal radio-ulna joint.
    • The distal end of the ulna has a small rounded head connected to the shaft by the neck.
    • The ulna styloid process projects from the medial side of the head.

    Articulation of the Ulna

    • The ulna articulates with the humerus at the trochlea of the humerus, forming the elbow joint.
    • The ulna articulates with the radius at the proximal and distal radio-ulna joints.
    • The ulna articulates with the carpal bones, forming part of the wrist joint.

    Fractures of the Ulna and Radius - Colle's Fracture

    • Colle's fracture is a transverse fracture within the distal 2cm of the radius and is the most common fracture of the forearm.
    • The radial styloid process is longer than the ulnar styloid process.
    • In Colle's fracture, the ulnar styloid process is longer than the radial styloid process due to shortening of the radius.

    The Bones of the Hand

    • The hand is comprised of these bones:
      • Carpals: wrist
      • Metacarpals: palm
      • Phalanges: fingers

    The Bones of the Hand: Carpal Bones

    • There are eight carpal bones arranged into two rows of four bones each.
    • The proximal row contains (from lateral to medial side):
      • Scaphoid
      • Lunate
      • Triquetral
      • Pisiform
    • The distal row contains (in the same order):
      • Trapezium
      • Trapezoid
      • Capitate
      • Hamate
    • The palmar aspect of the carpus is concave, forming the carpal sulcus, which becomes a canal (carpal tunnel) by the flexor retinaculum.
    • The dorsal surface is convex.
    • The carpal bones articulate proximally with the radius forming the wrist joint (radiocarpal joint).
    • The carpal bones articulate distally with the metacarpals.

    The Bones of the Hand: Metacarpals

    • There are five metacarpal bones, each corresponding to a digit.
    • Each metacarpal has:
      • Base (proximally)
      • Shaft (body)
      • Rounded head (distally)
    • The base of the metacarpals articulate with the carpals bones forming the carpometacarpal joint.
    • The head of the metacarpal articulates with the concavity on the base of the proximal phalanx forming the metacarpophalangeal joints

    The Bones of the Hand: Phalanges

    • There are fourteen phalanges, three for each finger (2nd to 5th digits) and two for the thumb (1st digit).
    • The phalanges of the thumb are shorter and broader than the fingers.
    • Each phalanx has:
      • Base: large proximal end
      • Shaft: (body)
      • Head: smaller distal end (head)
    • The base of the phalanges articulates with the rounded head of the metacarpal, forming the metacarpophalangeal joints.
    • The head of the phalanges articulates with the base of the next phalanx.

    Fractures of the Hand

    • Fractures of the 1st and 2nd metacarpal bones are known as Boxer's fractures.
    • Metacarpal fractures heal rapidly due to a good blood supply.
    • Crushing injury to the hand can result in multiple metacarpal fractures leading to hand instability.
    • Crushing injuries to the phalanges are extremely painful as the nerves have developed sensation.
    • Fracture of the distal phalanx is usually commuted and painful with hematoma developing.

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    Anatomy of Upper and Lower Limbs (ANAT 201) Lecture 2 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the osteology of the upper limb, focusing on the clavicle and scapula. This quiz covers the structure, function, and anatomical details of these critical bones, helping you understand their role in upper limb mobility and muscle attachment.

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