Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of osteoarthritis as described?
What is the primary cause of osteoarthritis as described?
- Nutritional deficiencies in joint tissue
- Infectious agents affecting joint tissue
- Cumulative effects of wear and tear on joints (correct)
- Autoimmune responses targeting cartilage
Which treatment method promotes the movement of nutrients in and waste out of the joints?
Which treatment method promotes the movement of nutrients in and waste out of the joints?
- Anti-inflammatory drugs
- Surgical intervention
- Regular exercise and physical therapy (correct)
- Rest and immobilization
How does the articular cartilage change in osteoarthritis?
How does the articular cartilage change in osteoarthritis?
- It develops rough, bristly collagen fibers (correct)
- It remains unchanged throughout life
- It increases in thickness and elasticity
- It becomes thinner and more flexible
What is typically a restriction placed on patients after joint replacement surgery?
What is typically a restriction placed on patients after joint replacement surgery?
What proportion of women over the age of 60 reportedly suffers from osteoarthritis in the US?
What proportion of women over the age of 60 reportedly suffers from osteoarthritis in the US?
Which type of joint movement decreases the angle between the bones at a joint?
Which type of joint movement decreases the angle between the bones at a joint?
What is the primary movement when a body part is lifted upward?
What is the primary movement when a body part is lifted upward?
What does hyperextension refer to in joint movements?
What does hyperextension refer to in joint movements?
Which type of joint disease is characterized by damage to the articular cartilage?
Which type of joint disease is characterized by damage to the articular cartilage?
Which movement involves rotating a limb away from the body's midline?
Which movement involves rotating a limb away from the body's midline?
What type of joint disorder occurs when disc cartilage breaks through its fibrous exterior?
What type of joint disorder occurs when disc cartilage breaks through its fibrous exterior?
Which of the following movements involves the thumb moving towards the palm?
Which of the following movements involves the thumb moving towards the palm?
In which movement do the vertebral column bend to the side?
In which movement do the vertebral column bend to the side?
What movement describes the sole of the foot turning inward?
What movement describes the sole of the foot turning inward?
Which of the following statements regarding joint strength and mobility is true?
Which of the following statements regarding joint strength and mobility is true?
What type of joint is classified as having no movement allowed?
What type of joint is classified as having no movement allowed?
Which component of a synovial joint secretes synovial fluid?
Which component of a synovial joint secretes synovial fluid?
Which statement about diarthroses is true?
Which statement about diarthroses is true?
What is the role of the meniscus in a synovial joint?
What is the role of the meniscus in a synovial joint?
What is a characteristic of dislocation in joints?
What is a characteristic of dislocation in joints?
Which accessory structure acts as a small pocket to reduce friction in joints?
Which accessory structure acts as a small pocket to reduce friction in joints?
Which structural classification allows some movement due to connections made with collagen fibers or cartilage?
Which structural classification allows some movement due to connections made with collagen fibers or cartilage?
What happens to the range of motion and strength in joints?
What happens to the range of motion and strength in joints?
What type of ligaments pass outside the joint capsule?
What type of ligaments pass outside the joint capsule?
Which type of joint has components that include an articular cartilage with no perichondrium?
Which type of joint has components that include an articular cartilage with no perichondrium?
What is the primary characteristic of abduction in the appendicular skeleton?
What is the primary characteristic of abduction in the appendicular skeleton?
Which of the following movements describes the action of moving the shoulder backwards in a horizontal plane?
Which of the following movements describes the action of moving the shoulder backwards in a horizontal plane?
What movement occurs when the foot is raised upwards towards the shin?
What movement occurs when the foot is raised upwards towards the shin?
Which type of rotation moves the anterior surface of a limb towards the long axis of the trunk?
Which type of rotation moves the anterior surface of a limb towards the long axis of the trunk?
What does the term hyperextension specifically refer to?
What does the term hyperextension specifically refer to?
Which component of an intervertebral disc provides elasticity and shock absorption?
Which component of an intervertebral disc provides elasticity and shock absorption?
What is the main effect of inversion movement on the foot?
What is the main effect of inversion movement on the foot?
What factor is NOT typically associated with the onset of osteoarthritis?
What factor is NOT typically associated with the onset of osteoarthritis?
What does a herniated disc result from?
What does a herniated disc result from?
In the context of joint disorders, what condition is referred to as rheumatism?
In the context of joint disorders, what condition is referred to as rheumatism?
Which of the following statements about treatment for osteoarthritis is false?
Which of the following statements about treatment for osteoarthritis is false?
How long can new joint replacements, such as hips and knees, typically last?
How long can new joint replacements, such as hips and knees, typically last?
In the context of joint disruption, what is the role of articular cartilage?
In the context of joint disruption, what is the role of articular cartilage?
Which characteristic of artificial joints is considered a limitation after surgery?
Which characteristic of artificial joints is considered a limitation after surgery?
Which classification of joints allows for freely movable joints but is also considered the weakest?
Which classification of joints allows for freely movable joints but is also considered the weakest?
What is the primary function of the synovial membrane in a joint?
What is the primary function of the synovial membrane in a joint?
Which type of joint movement is characterized by a decrease in the angle between two body parts?
Which type of joint movement is characterized by a decrease in the angle between two body parts?
Which accessory structure acts by reducing friction and absorbing excess shock in a joint?
Which accessory structure acts by reducing friction and absorbing excess shock in a joint?
How does the presence of collagen fibers between bones impact the movement allowed by a joint?
How does the presence of collagen fibers between bones impact the movement allowed by a joint?
In terms of joint classification, what are all diarthroses categorized as?
In terms of joint classification, what are all diarthroses categorized as?
What characterizes synarthroses in terms of joint function?
What characterizes synarthroses in terms of joint function?
Which statement accurately reflects the relationship between joint mobility and strength?
Which statement accurately reflects the relationship between joint mobility and strength?
Which type of ligament runs outside the joint capsule?
Which type of ligament runs outside the joint capsule?
Flashcards
Joint Classification
Joint Classification
Joints are categorized based on the amount of movement they allow (functional) and their anatomical structure (structural).
Functional Joint Classification
Functional Joint Classification
Classifies joints based on their range of motion (ROM).
Structural Joint Classification
Structural Joint Classification
Classifies joints based on their anatomical structure (e.g., fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial).
Diarthrosis
Diarthrosis
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Synovial Joint
Synovial Joint
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Synovial Membrane
Synovial Membrane
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Synovial Fluid
Synovial Fluid
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Articular Cartilage
Articular Cartilage
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Joint Capsule
Joint Capsule
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Dislocation (Luxation)
Dislocation (Luxation)
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Flexion
Flexion
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Extension
Extension
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Hyperextension
Hyperextension
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Dorsiflexion
Dorsiflexion
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Plantar flexion
Plantar flexion
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Abduction
Abduction
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Adduction
Adduction
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Intervertebral disc
Intervertebral disc
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Herniated disc
Herniated disc
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Arthritis
Arthritis
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Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis
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Osteoarthritis Cause
Osteoarthritis Cause
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Articular Cartilage in OA
Articular Cartilage in OA
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OA Treatment
OA Treatment
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Artificial Joint Replacement
Artificial Joint Replacement
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What distinguishes osteoarthritis from normal cartilage?
What distinguishes osteoarthritis from normal cartilage?
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What is the main goal of osteoarthritis treatment?
What is the main goal of osteoarthritis treatment?
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Why are artificial joint replacements used?
Why are artificial joint replacements used?
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After artificial joint replacement, what activity should be restricted?
After artificial joint replacement, what activity should be restricted?
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Lateral Flexion
Lateral Flexion
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Circumduction
Circumduction
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Rotation
Rotation
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Amphiarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
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Fibrous Joints
Fibrous Joints
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Cartilaginous Joints
Cartilaginous Joints
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Bony Joints
Bony Joints
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Study Notes
Joint Classification
- Joints are locations where two or more bones meet
- Joints allow mobility while preserving bone strength
- Movement amount depends on anatomical structure
- Functional classification focuses on the range of motion (ROM) allowed
- Structural classification determines anatomical arrangement
Functional Classification
- Synarthrosis: No movement allowed, very strong
- Amphiarthrosis: Little movement allowed
- Diarthrosis: Freely movable, weakest type
Structural Classification
- Fibrous: Bones connected by dense fibrous connective tissue (sutures, gomphoses, syndesmoses)
- Cartilaginous: Bones connected by cartilage (synchondroses, symphyses)
- Bony: Bones fused together (synostoses)
- Synovial: Bones separated by a joint cavity; surrounded by a joint capsule, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and synovial fluid (diarthroses)
Synovial Joint Anatomy
- Articular cartilage: Covers bone ends, smooth surface, hyaline cartilage lacking perichondrium, matrix with more water than other cartilages
- Joint capsule: Sac enclosing articular ends of bones, continuous with periosteum; adds strength and mobility to joint, reinforced by ligaments and tendons
- Synovial membrane: Lines joint capsule interior, secretes synovial fluid; lubricates, cushions, prevents abrasion, supports chondrocytes. Synovial fluid is typically less than 3 ml
- Joint cavity: Space within joint capsule containing synovial fluid
- Ligaments: Connect bones to bones.
- Tendons: Connect muscle to bone
Accessory Structures Supporting the Knee
- Tendons: Provide support, not part of joint itself, limit ROM, mechanical support (quadriceps tendon)
- Ligaments: Extracapsular (outside capsule) like patellar ligament, intracapsular (inside capsule) like cruciate ligaments
- Bursa: Small, fluid-filled sac found in connective tissue outside joint capsule; reduces friction and shock
- Fat pads: Located superficially to joint capsule; protect articular cartilage; fill spaces as the joint moves and joint cavity changes shape
- Meniscus (articular disc): Pad of fibrocartilage positioned between opposing bones, may divide synovial cavity, can channel synovial fluid flow
Synovial Joint Physiology
- Mobility: Greater range of motion = lower strength, diarthroses are the most mobile, synarthroses are the strongest.
- Dislocation (luxation): Movement beyond the normal range of motion; damage to joint structures; results in pain because of nerves monitoring capsule and surrounding tissue, no pain receptors in the joint.
Body Movements
- Flexion and extension: Bending or straightening a joint, changing the angle of the joint
- Hyperextension: Extending a joint past its anatomical position (straightening a joint too far)
- Lateral flexion: Bending the vertebral column to the side
- Movements of the foot: Dorsal flexion (toes up), plantar flexion (toes down)
- Abduction and Adduction: Moving a limb away from or toward the midline of the body in a frontal plane
- Circumduction: Circular movement of a limb (combinations of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction)
- Rotation: Turning a bone around its axis or turning a limb around its long axis
- Forearm Rotation: Pronation (palm facing down), supination (palm facing up)
- Special movements: Opposition (thumb to fingertips), reposition (thumb back to normal position), inversion (sole inward), eversion (sole outward), protraction (anterior movement), retraction (posterior movement), depression (inferior movement), elevation (superior movement)
Joints of the Body
- Axial joints: Stronger, less movement (sutures of skull, temporomandibular joint, intervertebral joints, etc.)
- Appendicular joints: Weaker, more movement (shoulder joint, elbow joint, wrist joint, knee joint, etc.)
The Vertebral Column
- Intervertebral disc components: Anulus fibrosus (tough outer ring, fibrocartilage), nucleus pulposus (soft, elastic, gelatinous core, gives resilience, absorbs shock)
Vertebral Abnormalities
- Bulging disc: Weakened posterior longitudinal ligaments allow compression and distortion of the fibrous exterior; cartilage bulges
- Herniated disc: Disc cartilage breaks through the fibrous exterior and protrudes into the spinal canal, compresses spinal nerves
When Joints Go Bad
- Arthritis: Rheumatic diseases that affect synovial joints (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis)
- Osteoarthritis: Most common type, generally affecting older people (wear and tear), genetic factors affect collagen formation. Rough, bristly collagen fibers increasing friction
- Treatment: Regular exercise and physical therapy, minimizing friction; anti-inflammatory medications
- Artificial joints: Method of last resort to treat arthritis if other methods fail.
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Description
Test your knowledge on osteoarthritis, including its primary causes, treatment methods, and changes in articular cartilage. Additionally, explore common restrictions for patients post-joint replacement and statistics on prevalence among older women in the US.
