Osteoarthritis Overview and Pathophysiology
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary demographic affected by osteoarthritis (OA) in Australia?

  • Females aged 18 and above (correct)
  • Females above 50 years old
  • Children under 12 years old
  • Males above 50 years old

    • What distinguishes primary osteoarthritis from secondary osteoarthritis?

  • Primary OA affects an entire joint system while secondary OA targets specific joints
  • Primary OA has a genetic basis whereas secondary OA does not
  • Primary OA is reversible while secondary OA is progressive
  • Primary OA arises without a clear cause, while secondary OA is related to other conditions (correct)

    • Which of the following statements is true regarding the prevalence of osteoarthritis?

  • It is more common among females than males (correct)
  • It is primarily a childhood disease
  • It is equally prevalent among males and females
  • It affects more males than females in Australia

    • Which of the following is NOT categorized under secondary osteoarthritis?

    <p>Localized mechanical stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do Traditional Owners play in the context of health education at QUT?

    <p>They are acknowledged for their cultural significance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the Australian female population was affected by OA as of 2015?

    <p>18%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT considered a risk factor for osteoarthritis?

    <p>Prior history of cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint-related issue is primarily associated with secondary osteoarthritis?

    <p>Congenital development defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does osteoarthritis primarily affect individuals?

    <p>It may create tremendous morbidity and financial burden</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which faculty member specializes in osteoarthritis?

    <p>Selena Boyd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joints are most commonly involved in osteoarthritis?

    <p>Distal finger joints and wrist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal in managing osteoarthritis?

    <p>Improving quality of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a non-pharmacological management option for osteoarthritis?

    <p>Regular use of paracetamol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended administration method of paracetamol for osteoarthritis patients?

    <p>In regular divided doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advised frequency for using NSAIDs in osteoarthritis management?

    <p>Intermittently as needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct relationship between NSAIDs and renal side effects?

    <p>NSAIDs can cause adverse effects on kidneys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following strategies is part of the non-pharmacological management for osteoarthritis?

    <p>Mobility aids and splints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key concern when prescribing NSAIDs?

    <p>They can have gastrointestinal, kidney, and cardiac adverse drug reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT considered a part of patient education in osteoarthritis management?

    <p>Engaging in regular contact sports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is classified as a 1st line drug therapy for osteoarthritis?

    <p>Acetaminophen (paracetamol)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the nature of osteoarthritis?

    <p>It involves a complex interplay of degradation and synthesis in various joint tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does inflammation play in the progression of osteoarthritis?

    <p>It causes cartilage synthesis disruption, leading to joint degeneration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age is the prevalence of osteoarthritis most commonly observed?

    <p>Over 50 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of osteoarthritis?

    <p>Joint pain that worsens with activity and improves with rest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does osteoarthritis differ from rheumatoid arthritis in terms of joint involvement?

    <p>Osteoarthritis presents without systemic symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pain is categorized as resulting from chronic conditions in osteoarthritis?

    <p>Chronic pain due to peripheral and central sensitization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint areas are most commonly affected by osteoarthritis?

    <p>Knees, hips, and lower spine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common psychosocial aspect related to osteoarthritis?

    <p>Loss of independence and anxiety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about cartilage synthesis in osteoarthritis is accurate?

    <p>Inflammation disrupts the process of cartilage synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average duration of stiffness experienced in osteoarthritis?

    <p>Less than 30 minutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Osteoarthritis Overview

    • Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent chronic joint disorder, affecting over 2.2 million Australians in 2015.
    • It's more common in females (18%) than males (10%).
    • The high prevalence and involvement of crucial daily functioning joints cause significant morbidity and financial burdens.

    Pathophysiology of OA

    • OA is a metabolically active, ongoing process of degradation and synthesis within the affected joint tissues (cartilage, bone, synovium, ligaments, and muscle).
    • It's often mistakenly considered "wear and tear," but there's inflammation involved.
    • As OA progresses, cartilage synthesis is disrupted by inflammation.
    • Synovial fluid thins and is produced in smaller quantities.
    • This leads to a loss of joint lubrication and impaired ability to withstand weight loads.
    • Cartilage and eventually bone are damaged.
    • Key changes include weakened/frayed tendons, muscles, and ligaments; inflamed synovium; reduced synovial fluid viscosity; fibrillated/destroyed cartilage; bony outgrowths (osteophytes); bone sclerosis; and a thickened joint capsule.

    Classification of Osteoarthritis

    • Primary Osteoarthritis:
      • Localized (involving 1 or 2 sites)
      • Generalized (involving ≥3 sites)
      • Erosive
    • Secondary Osteoarthritis:
      • Mechanical incongruity of joint
      • Congenital or developmental defect
      • Posttraumatic
      • Prior inflammatory disease (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis)
      • Metabolic disorder (e.g., hemochromatosis)
      • Endocrinopathies (e.g., diabetes mellitus)
      • Neuropathic disorders
      • Intra-articular corticosteroid overuse
      • Avascular necrosis
      • Bone dysplasia

    Presentation of Osteoarthritis

    • General: Patients are usually over 50 years old.
    • Symptoms: Gradual onset, deep, aching joint pain, stiffness. Rest pain can also be present in advanced cases, and weight-bearing joints may exhibit instability. Stiffness typically lasts less than 30 minutes and can affect daily activities, and may be related to weather conditions. Psychosocial issues can also arise (e.g., depressed mood, anxiety, loss of independence).
    • Pain: Can be categorized as acute (caused by active inflammation) or chronic (from peripheral and central sensitization due to persistent pain).
    • Signs: One or more joints involved, usually in an asymmetric pattern. Common affected areas include distal finger joints (Heberden's nodes), proximal finger joints (Bouchard's nodes), wrist, knees, hips, lower spine, and big toe.

    Risk Factors of Osteoarthritis

    • Systemic Factors: Increased age, female gender, genetic susceptibility, nutritional factors
    • Intrinsic Joint Factors: Previous damage, bridging muscle weakness, increasing bone density, malalignment, proprioceptive deficiencies
    • Use/Loading Factors: Obesity, injurious physical activities

    Management of Osteoarthritis

    • Aims include patient education, pain control, maintaining/restoring mobility, minimizing functional impairment, altering disease process, and improving quality of life.

    • Non-Pharmacological: Weight reduction, exercise programs, physiotherapy, thermotherapy, TENS, acupuncture, surgery, insoles, splints/wraps, mobility aids.

    • Pharmacological:

      • 1st Line: Paracetamol (regularly)
      • 2nd Line: NSAIDs (intermittently, lowest effective dose)
      • 3rd Line: Opioids (last resort, starting with weak opioids)
      • Alternative: Intra-articular corticosteroid injections

    Learning Objectives

    • Discuss the pathophysiology and risk factors for OA.
    • Discuss non-pharmacological management and treatment options for OA.
    • Discuss the pharmacology of therapies available for OA.

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    Related Documents

    CSB601 Osteoarthritis PDF

    Description

    This quiz provides an overview of osteoarthritis (OA), the most prevalent chronic joint disorder impacting millions. It explores the pathophysiology of OA, including the metabolic processes involved in the degradation and synthesis of joint tissues, highlighting the inflammation associated with this condition.

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