OSPF Neighbor Adjacency Process
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Questions and Answers

What is the first state in the OSPF neighbor adjacency process?

  • Attempt
  • Down (correct)
  • 2-Way
  • Init
  • In which state does the router send out periodic Hello packets to discover other OSPF routers?

  • Attempt
  • 2-Way
  • Down (correct)
  • Init
  • What is the purpose of the Attempt state?

  • To discover other OSPF routers
  • To elect a master and slave
  • To configure neighbor's IP address manually on non-broadcast multi-access links (correct)
  • To trigger a 2-Way state
  • What happens when a Hello packet is received from another router in the Init state?

    <p>The receiving router adds the sender's Router ID to its Hello packets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 2-Way state?

    <p>To confirm two-way reachability between the routers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in the ExStart state?

    <p>Routers exchange DBD packets to elect a master and slave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Exchange state?

    <p>To exchange LSDB summaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in the Loading state?

    <p>Routers request and receive specific LSAs using the LSR-LSU-LSAck process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final state in the OSPF neighbor adjacency process?

    <p>Full</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the final state where OSPF neighbor adjacencies should reach?

    <p>Happy state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    OSPF Neighbor Adjacency Process

    • The OSPF neighbor adjacency process involves 8 states: Down, Attempt, Init, 2-Way, ExStart, Exchange, Loading, and Full states.

    Down State

    • The initial state when OSPF is first configured on a router.
    • In this state, the router sends out periodic Hello packets to discover other OSPF routers.
    • The router does not have an entry in its neighbor table at this point.

    Attempt State

    • A rare state that occurs on non-broadcast multi-access links.
    • On such links, the neighbor's IP address must be manually configured.
    • The Hello packets are sent unicast to the manually configured IP address.

    Init State

    • Triggered when a Hello packet is received from another router.
    • The receiving router adds the sender's Router ID to its Hello packets.

    2-Way State

    • Triggered when a Hello packet is received and the router sees its own Router ID in the packet.
    • Confirms two-way reachability between the routers.

    ExStart State

    • Routers exchange DBD (Database Descriptor) packets to elect a master and slave.
    • The master-slave election determines the reliable exchange of LSDB (Link-State Database) summaries.

    Exchange State

    • The master and slave election is complete, and the routers exchange LSDB summaries.
    • The master sends a DBD packet with its LSDB summary, and the slave responds with an empty DBD packet.

    Loading State

    • Both routers have exchanged LSDB summaries and know the LSAs (Link-State Advertisements) in each other's database.
    • Routers request and receive specific LSAs using the LSR-LSU-LSAck process.

    Full State

    • The final state where the LSDbs are synchronized, and the routers have learned everything they need to know from each other.
    • The "happy state" where OSPF neighbor adjacencies should reach.

    Note: LSA stands for Link-State Advertisement, LSR stands for Link-State Request, LSU stands for Link-State Update, and LSAck stands for Link-State Acknowledgement.

    OSPF Neighbor Adjacency Process

    • The OSPF neighbor adjacency process consists of 8 states: Down, Attempt, Init, 2-Way, ExStart, Exchange, Loading, and Full states.

    Down State

    • Initial state when OSPF is first configured on a router.
    • Router sends periodic Hello packets to discover other OSPF routers.
    • No entry in the neighbor table at this point.

    Attempt State

    • Occurs on non-broadcast multi-access links.
    • Neighbor's IP address must be manually configured on such links.
    • Hello packets are sent unicast to the manually configured IP address.

    Init State

    • Triggered when a Hello packet is received from another router.
    • Receiving router adds the sender's Router ID to its Hello packets.

    2-Way State

    • Triggered when a Hello packet is received and the router sees its own Router ID in the packet.
    • Confirms two-way reachability between the routers.

    ExStart State

    • Routers exchange DBD (Database Descriptor) packets to elect a master and slave.
    • Master-slave election determines reliable exchange of LSDB (Link-State Database) summaries.

    Exchange State

    • Master and slave election complete, routers exchange LSDB summaries.
    • Master sends DBD packet with its LSDB summary, and slave responds with an empty DBD packet.

    Loading State

    • Routers have exchanged LSDB summaries and know the LSAs in each other's database.
    • Routers request and receive specific LSAs using the LSR-LSU-LSAck process.

    Full State

    • Final state where the LSDBs are synchronized, and routers have learned everything they need to know from each other.
    • "Happy state" where OSPF neighbor adjacencies should reach.

    Additional Terms

    • LSA: Link-State Advertisement
    • LSR: Link-State Request
    • LSU: Link-State Update
    • LSAck: Link-State Acknowledgement

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    Description

    Learn about the 8 states of the OSPF neighbor adjacency process, including Down, Attempt, Init, 2-Way, ExStart, Exchange, Loading, and Full states.

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