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Questions and Answers
DROTHERs use the multiaccess address 224.0.0.______ to send OSPF packets to the DR and BDR.
DROTHERs use the multiaccess address 224.0.0.______ to send OSPF packets to the DR and BDR.
6
In the multiaccess topology, there are three routers interconnected over a common Ethernet multiaccess network, ______.
In the multiaccess topology, there are three routers interconnected over a common Ethernet multiaccess network, ______.
192.168.1.0/24
OSPF has automatically elected a ______ and BDR in multiaccess networks.
OSPF has automatically elected a ______ and BDR in multiaccess networks.
DR
R3 has been elected as the DR because its router ID is ______.
R3 has been elected as the DR because its router ID is ______.
R2 is the BDR because it has the second highest router ID, which is ______.
R2 is the BDR because it has the second highest router ID, which is ______.
To verify OSPF router roles, use the ______ command.
To verify OSPF router roles, use the ______ command.
R1 is not the DR or BDR, but is a DROTHER with a default priority of ______.
R1 is not the DR or BDR, but is a DROTHER with a default priority of ______.
R1 has two adjacencies: one with the ______ and one with the DR.
R1 has two adjacencies: one with the ______ and one with the DR.
To verify the OSPFv2 adjacencies, use the show ip ospf ______ command.
To verify the OSPFv2 adjacencies, use the show ip ospf ______ command.
The state of neighbors in multiaccess networks can be ______ such as FULL or DROTHER.
The state of neighbors in multiaccess networks can be ______ such as FULL or DROTHER.
FULL/DROTHER indicates a DR or BDR router that is fully ______ with a non-DR or BDR router.
FULL/DROTHER indicates a DR or BDR router that is fully ______ with a non-DR or BDR router.
A router in the FULL/DR state is fully adjacent with the indicated ______ neighbor.
A router in the FULL/DR state is fully adjacent with the indicated ______ neighbor.
The normal state for an OSPF router is usually ______.
The normal state for an OSPF router is usually ______.
In a 2-WAY state, a non-DR or BDR router can exchange ______ packets with another non-DR or BDR router.
In a 2-WAY state, a non-DR or BDR router can exchange ______ packets with another non-DR or BDR router.
If a router is stuck in a state other than FULL, it is an indication that there are ______ in forming adjacencies.
If a router is stuck in a state other than FULL, it is an indication that there are ______ in forming adjacencies.
The Backup Designated Router (BDR) can also be referred to by the ______ neighbor.
The Backup Designated Router (BDR) can also be referred to by the ______ neighbor.
The ______ state is considered normal in a multiaccess broadcast network.
The ______ state is considered normal in a multiaccess broadcast network.
In OSPF, the Internet Address for a router can be expressed as ______/24.
In OSPF, the Internet Address for a router can be expressed as ______/24.
The command 'show ip interface brief' is used to verify that the desired interfaces are active with correct ______.
The command 'show ip interface brief' is used to verify that the desired interfaces are active with correct ______.
After configuring single-area OSPFv2, it is important to verify the ______.
After configuring single-area OSPFv2, it is important to verify the ______.
The command 'show ip route' is particularly useful for verifying that the routing ______ contains all the expected routes.
The command 'show ip route' is particularly useful for verifying that the routing ______ contains all the expected routes.
To verify that OSPF is operating as expected, additional commands include 'show ip ospf ______'.
To verify that OSPF is operating as expected, additional commands include 'show ip ospf ______'.
The command 'show ip ospf protocols' provides information about the OSPF ______.
The command 'show ip ospf protocols' provides information about the OSPF ______.
If a router's neighboring router is not displayed, the two routers have not formed an OSPFv2 ______.
If a router's neighboring router is not displayed, the two routers have not formed an OSPFv2 ______.
The states of neighboring routers can be verified using the 'show ip ospf neighbor' command, where a router must be in the state of ______.
The states of neighboring routers can be verified using the 'show ip ospf neighbor' command, where a router must be in the state of ______.
To confirm communication between routers, you must check the ______ relationships formed by OSPF.
To confirm communication between routers, you must check the ______ relationships formed by OSPF.
In OSPFv2, the command 'show ip ospf interface' shows the status of OSPF's ______.
In OSPFv2, the command 'show ip ospf interface' shows the status of OSPF's ______.
The process of verifying OSPF configurations is essential to ensure proper ______ in the network.
The process of verifying OSPF configurations is essential to ensure proper ______ in the network.
To verify the OSPFv2 interface intervals, use the show ip ospf ______ command.
To verify the OSPFv2 interface intervals, use the show ip ospf ______ command.
The router located between an OSPF routing domain and a non-OSPF network is called the ______.
The router located between an OSPF routing domain and a non-OSPF network is called the ______.
To propagate a default route, the ASBR must be configured with a default static route using the ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 ______ command.
To propagate a default route, the ASBR must be configured with a default static route using the ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 ______ command.
Additional commands for determining that OSPF is operating as expected include: show ip ospf ______.
Additional commands for determining that OSPF is operating as expected include: show ip ospf ______.
To modify the OSPFv2 Hello and Dead intervals manually, use the commands ip ospf hello-interval and ip ospf ______.
To modify the OSPFv2 Hello and Dead intervals manually, use the commands ip ospf hello-interval and ip ospf ______.
To configure OSPF directly on the interface, use the ip ospf ______ configuration mode command.
To configure OSPF directly on the interface, use the ip ospf ______ configuration mode command.
The DR uses the multicast IPv4 address ______ which is meant for all OSPF routers.
The DR uses the multicast IPv4 address ______ which is meant for all OSPF routers.
Only the DR and BDR listen for ______.
Only the DR and BDR listen for ______.
To verify the roles of the OSPFv2 router, use the ______ command.
To verify the roles of the OSPFv2 router, use the ______ command.
To verify the OSPFv2 ______, use the show ip ospf neighbor command.
To verify the OSPFv2 ______, use the show ip ospf neighbor command.
The OSPF DR and BDR election decision is based on the router with the highest interface ______ as the DR.
The OSPF DR and BDR election decision is based on the router with the highest interface ______ as the DR.
The router with the second highest interface priority is elected as the ______.
The router with the second highest interface priority is elected as the ______.
If the interface priorities are equal, then the router with the highest ______ is elected the DR.
If the interface priorities are equal, then the router with the highest ______ is elected the DR.
The state of neighbors in multiaccess networks can be: FULL/DROTHER, FULL/______, FULL/BDR, or 2-WAY/DROTHER.
The state of neighbors in multiaccess networks can be: FULL/DROTHER, FULL/______, FULL/BDR, or 2-WAY/DROTHER.
To stop transmitting routing messages through a router interface, use the ______ router configuration mode command.
To stop transmitting routing messages through a router interface, use the ______ router configuration mode command.
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Study Notes
OSPF Multiaccess Networks
- The multicast address 224.0.0.6 is used by DROTHERs to send OSPF packets to the Designated Router (DR) and Backup Designated Router (BDR).
- Only DR and BDR routers listen for traffic on the address 224.0.0.6.
- In a common Ethernet multiaccess network (192.168.1.0/24), OSPF automatically elects a DR and a BDR based on router IDs.
DR and BDR Election
- Router R3 is elected as the DR with the highest router ID (3.3.3.3).
- Router R2 is the BDR, having the second highest router ID (2.2.2.2).
- To check the OSPF roles, the command
show ip ospf interface
displays the status of the routers.
Verifying OSPF Roles
- R1, identified as a DROTHER, has a default priority of 1 and does not participate as a DR or BDR.
- Adjacencies between routers are confirmed through output details, listing neighbor router IDs and their roles.
OSPF Neighbor States
- OSPFv2 neighbor states in multiaccess networks include:
- FULL/DROTHER: Fully adjacent with a DROTHER; can exchange OSPF data.
- FULL/DR: Fully adjacent with the DR.
- FULL/BDR: Fully adjacent with the BDR.
- 2-WAY/DROTHER: Normal state for non-DR/BDR routers, indicates a Hello packet relationship.
Default Route Propagation
- Default routes can be propagated in OSPF to ensure connectivity through the ASBR (Autonomous System Boundary Router).
- Configuration requires establishing a default static route and utilizing the command
default-information originate
.
OSPF Verification Commands
- To verify routing configurations, use:
show ip interface brief
to check active interfaces.show ip route
to confirm routing table entries.- Additional commands:
show ip ospf neighbor
for neighbor adjacency.show ip ospf
for general OSPF status.show ip ospf interface
for interface-specific details.
OSPF Configuration Commands
- Key commands for OSPF configuration include:
router ospf process-id
to enable OSPF.network network-address wildcard-mask area area-id
for area assignment.- Interface-specific commands like
ip ospf hello-interval
andip ospf dead-interval
to adjust timing.
Additional OSPF Concepts
- OSPF uses a designated router to collect and distribute Link-State Advertisements (LSAs).
- If the DR fails, the BDR assumes the DR role and the remaining routers become DROTHERs.
- OSPF encourages efficient routing through the use of router priority and router IDs during the election process.
- The interface type can be set to point-to-point using
ip ospf network point-to-point
, disabling the DR/BDR election in point-to-point topologies.
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