OSPF and Routing Protocols Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of Hello packets in OSPF?

  • To compute the shortest path to every network
  • To provide dynamic neighbor discovery and maintain relationships (correct)
  • To share routing information among OSPF routers
  • To group routers into areas

What information does the topological database store?

  • Static routing information for each network
  • Information from all Link State Advertisements received (correct)
  • Passwords of OSPF routers
  • List of routers requiring updates

Which term describes the relationship that allows OSPF routers to directly exchange route updates?

  • Routing
  • Adjacency (correct)
  • Topology
  • Neighbor

What is the purpose of the designated router (DR) in OSPF?

<p>To be elected for handling link-state updates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What multicast address do Hello packets use for OSPF neighbor discovery?

<p>224.0.0.5 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a routing protocol?

<p>To define rules for routers to exchange routing information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP)?

<p>Operates within a single autonomous system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is an example of an Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)?

<p>Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of distance-vector routing protocols?

<p>They determine the best path based solely on hop count (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In relation to routing, what does 'link-state' refer to?

<p>Protocols that rely on real-time data and network conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does RIP rely on to determine the best route to a network?

<p>The least number of hops (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens every 30 seconds in RIP routing?

<p>The router sends the complete routing table (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding RIP version 1?

<p>It only supports classful routing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature differentiates RIP version 2 from RIP version 1?

<p>RIP version 2 supports variable length subnet masking (VLSM). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about RIP is true?

<p>RIP has an advertisement distance of 120. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In RIP, what does the term 'hop count' refer to?

<p>The number of routers a packet must traverse. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a classful protocol like RIP version 1?

<p>It requires all devices to use the same subnet mask. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which multicast address is used by RIP version 2 for periodic updates?

<p>224.0.0.9 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of hops allowed in a RIP configured IP network?

<p>15 hops (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method RIP uses to determine the best path to a destination?

<p>Hop count (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of authentication does RIP version 2 support?

<p>Plain text and MD5 authentication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of routing protocol is OSPF classified as?

<p>Link state (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which command is used to configure RIP on a router?

<p>router rip (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum hop count for RIP?

<p>15 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which command verifies that RIP is running on a router?

<p>show ip protocols (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes OSPF from RIP regarding convergence speed?

<p>OSPF converges faster than RIP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of RIPv1?

<p>Distance vector protocol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'show running-config' command display?

<p>Configuration settings of the router (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the administrative distance assigned to OSPF?

<p>110 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately represents OSPF's path metric?

<p>Cost (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would you use the RIP routing protocol?

<p>In small networks with limited hop counts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the acknowledgment in LSA updates after flooding throughout the network?

<p>To confirm the update has been propagated correctly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which multicast address is used for AllSPFRouters in point-to-point networks?

<p>224.0.0.5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What criterion does OSPF primarily rely on when calculating the best path to a network?

<p>The sum of the interface costs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the OSPF cost calculated for a path?

<p>Cost = 10^8 / Bandwidth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the OSPF configuration command, what does the 'Process ID' represent?

<p>A value ranging from 1 to 65,535 for the OSPF instance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a valid multicast address for OSPF routers?

<p>234.0.0.5 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action does the command 'ip ospf cost' perform?

<p>It modifies the OSPF cost on a specific interface (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is created by each router within an OSPF area based on network information?

<p>A shortest-path tree (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the command 'show ip ospf'?

<p>To display OSPF information, including router ID and LSA timer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding wild card masks?

<p>Wild card masks are the inverse of subnet masks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which command allows you to see all interface-related OSPF information?

<p>show ip ospf interface (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the router ID (RID) in OSPF?

<p>The highest IP address configured on the router (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the command 'network 172.16.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0' achieve?

<p>It configures OSPF for the specified network in area 0. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the OSPF configuration for Router B, which command is incorrect?

<p>network 172.16.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 (A), network 172.16.50.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which command provides information about the number of routers in the OSPF internetwork?

<p>show ip ospf database (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a subnet mask is 255.255.255.0, what would the corresponding wild card mask be?

<p>0.0.0.255 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Routing protocol

A set of rules used by routers to exchange routing information with neighboring routers.

Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP)

A routing protocol used within an autonomous system (AS) to exchange routing information between routers in the same administrative domain.

Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)

A routing protocol used to exchange routing information between different autonomous systems (ASs).

Distance Vector Routing Protocol

A type of routing protocol that uses hop count as a metric to determine the best path to a network. RIP is an example.

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Link State Routing Protocol

A type of routing protocol that uses a complete map of the network to determine the best path. OSPF is an example.

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Advanced Distance Vector Routing Protocol

A type of routing protocol that combines aspects of both distance vector and link state protocols. EIGRP is an example.

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Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

A widely used distance vector routing protocol that determines the best path based on the number of hops to a destination network.

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Link State Routing Protocol (OSPF)

A routing protocol that uses a flooding algorithm to distribute routing information throughout a network. OSPF is an example.

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Neighbors

Two or more routers connected to the same network. They can directly exchange routing information.

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Adjacency (OSPF)

A direct communication link between two OSPF routers for exchanging routing updates.

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Designated Router (DR)

An elected router when multiple OSPF routers are on the same broadcast network. It manages network communication.

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Hello Protocol (OSPF)

A process that dynamically discovers and maintains relationships between OSPF routers. It uses 'Hello' packets.

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OSPF Area

A group of networks and routers sharing a common identification number. All routers in the same area have the same topology table.

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Classless Routing

RIP version 2 includes prefix routing and transmits subnet mask information within its route updates, enabling the network to use varying subnet mask lengths.

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Classful Routing

A routing protocol that does not send subnet mask information with its route updates. It requires all devices to utilize the same subnet mask.

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RIP: Routing Information Protocol

RIP is an open standard, distance-vector, interior gateway protocol (IGP) employed by routers to share routing information. It uses hop count to determine the best path between two locations.

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RIP Hop Count Limit

The maximum number of routers a packet can travel through in a network using RIP is 15. It is a key factor in determining the most efficient routes and preventing routing loops.

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RIP Version 2 Features

RIP version 2 includes features like periodic updates, support for variable length subnet masking (VLSM), and authentication (Plain text or MD5).

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RIP Version 1 Features

RIP version 1 is a classful routing protocol, a distance-vector routing protocol that does not support variable length subnet masking (VLSM) and uses broadcast IP addresses. It also lacks authentication capabilities.

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Configuring RIP Routing

To configure RIP routing, first enable the protocol using the "router rip" command. Then, advertise the directly connected networks using the "network" command, specifying the network address and subnet mask information.

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Hop Count

RIP uses hop count to measure the distance between locations. The hop count represents the number of routers a packet must traverse to reach the destination network.

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What does the network command do in RIP configuration?

The network command in RIP configuration specifies which IP network the router should advertise to its neighbors. It's like telling your friends about your house's address.

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What does network 10.0.0.0 tell RIP?

The network 10.0.0.0 command (assuming your router is in that network) tells RIP to advertise the entire 10.0.0.0 network to your neighbors because it's within your router's subnet.

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What is RIP?

RIP (Routing Information Protocol) is a distance-vector routing protocol that uses "hops" as a metric to determine the best path to a destination. Think of RIP like a game of telephone - the more hops a message takes, the less reliable it becomes.

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What is RIP version 2?

RIP version 2 is an improvement over RIP version 1, allowing you to advertise routes for specific subnets. This means better routing efficiency and less network congestion.

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What does version 2 do in RIP configuration?

The version 2 command enables RIP version 2 on the router, letting it use advanced features like subnet masking. It's like upgrading your phone to the latest software.

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What is a router ID?

A router ID (RID) acts like a name tag for your router, allowing other devices to recognize it. It's usually set to the router's loopback interface IP address.

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What does show ip protocols do?

The show ip protocols command provides a detailed view of the RIP configuration on a router, including advertised networks, neighbors, and other information. Think of it as a status report.

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What does show ip route do?

The show ip route command displays the routing table on a router, showing all known paths to different networks. Think of it as a map showing all available roads.

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What is OSPF?

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a link-state routing protocol that emphasizes network stability and loop-free paths. Think of it as a detailed map showing all roads and their traffic.

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How does OSPF determine the best path?

OSPF uses bandwidth as a metric to determine the best path, while RIP uses hop count. Think of OSPF as considering the road's capacity, while RIP only counts the turns.

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Flooding of LSA Updates

A process where OSPF routers send updates to all routers in the network, ensuring everyone has the latest information about network topology.

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OSPF Multicast Addresses

Unique addresses used by OSPF routers for exchanging updates on specific network types.

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SPF Tree Calculation

The process where each OSPF router builds a tree structure to calculate the shortest paths to every network in its area.

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OSPF Cost

The metric used by OSPF to measure the cost of a path between routers, usually calculated based on bandwidth.

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Enabling OSPF

The command used to manually configure OSPF within a router, allowing you to choose a specific process ID number.

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OSPF Process ID

A unique number assigned to an OSPF process which helps differentiate and identify different OSPF configurations within a network.

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network command in OSPF

A configuration command used in OSPF to define the network that a router will advertise to other OSPF routers.

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Wildcard mask in OSPF

A special IP address mask used in OSPF to indicate the range of IP addresses that a router will advertise.

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Wildcard mask

A value that represents the inverse of a subnet mask. It shows which bits of an IP address are not part of the network.

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router ospf command

The command used to enable OSPF routing on a Cisco router.

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show ip ospf command

The command used to display OSPF information on a router, including the router's ID, area information, and SPF statistics.

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show ip ospf database command

This command provides information about the OSPF database, including the number of routers in the internetwork and neighbor router IDs.

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show ip ospf interface command

This command provides information about OSPF configuration for a specific interface, including interface-related data and OSPF parameters.

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Study Notes

Dynamic Routing

  • Dynamic routing protocols automatically update routing tables on routers.
  • This allows for changes in network topology to be reflected in the routing tables more rapidly.

Routing Protocol

  • A routing protocol defines rules for exchanging routing information between neighboring routers.
  • This information updates the routers' tables.

Type of Routing Protocols

  • Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs)
    • Used within an autonomous system (AS)
  • Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGPs)
    • Used between autonomous systems

Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs)

  • IGPs are used for routing within an autonomous system.
  • An autonomous system (AS) is a collection of networks under the control of a single administrative domain.
  • RIP, OSPF are examples of IGPs

Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGPs)

  • EGPs are used for routing between autonomous systems.
  • Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is an example of an EGP

Interior Routing Protocols Class

  • Distance Vector
    • RIP
  • Link State
    • OSPF
  • Advanced Distance Vector
    • EIGRP

Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

  • RIP routing selects the route with the fewest hops to the network.
  • RIP updates routing tables every 30 seconds.
  • RIP version 1 uses classful routing.
  • RIP version 2 supports classless routing (prefix routing) and sends subnet mask information with its updates.

RIP Properties

  • Open standard
  • Classful protocol
  • Distance-vector, interior gateway protocol
  • Uses hop count to determine the best path
  • Maximum hops a packet can take is 15.
  • Default administrative distance is 120.
  • Advertisement distance is 120.

Versions of RIP

  • RIPv1
    • Classful routing protocol
    • Distance vector routing protocol
    • Does not support Variable Length Subnet Masking (VLSM).
    • Uses broadcast IP address 255.255.255.255.
    • Does not support authentication.
  • RIPv2
    • Classless routing protocol
    • Distance vector routing protocol
    • Supports VLSM.
    • Supports periodic updates.
    • Multicast address: 224.0.0.9.
    • Supports authentication (e.g., plain text, MD5).

Classful Protocol

  • Routing protocol that doesn't send subnet mask information in route updates.
  • All devices in the network must use the same subnet mask.
  • Example: RIPv1

Classless Protocol

  • Routing that sends subnet mask information in routing updates.
  • Example: RIPv2, EIGRP, OSPF

Syntax for Configuring RIP

  • RIPv1 configuration syntax
    • router rip
    • network <network>
  • RIPv2 configuration syntax
    • router rip
    • network <network>
    • version 2

Configuring RIP Routing

  • Turn on the protocol with the router rip command.
  • Tell the RIP routing protocol to advertise directly connected networks using network command
  • The network command tells the protocol which classful network to advertise.

Lab 1 (IP Addresses)

  • IP addresses for each router interface in a network segment are provided.

Lab Configuration Examples

  • Configuration commands: router rip, network <network address> version 2

OSPF Terminology

  • Link: A network or router interface.
  • Router ID (RID): A unique identifier for each router.
  • Neighbor: Two or more routers connected via an interface.
  • Adjacency: Relationship between two OSPF routers enabling route updates.
  • Designated Router (DR): An elected router for route update flow in a broadcast network.

OSPF Operation

  • Neighbor and adjacency initialization
    • OSPF allocates memory for neighbors and topology tables.
    • Checks if neighbors are active.
    • Sends Hello packets to establish adjacencies.
  • LSA flooding
    • Shares link-state and routing information.
  • SPF tree calculation
    • Calculates the best/shortest path.
    • Constructs a tree to determine the path to all networks

OSPF Metrics

  • Metric = cost = 10^8 / bandwidth
  • Bandwidth is used to determine the cost.

Configuring OSPF

  • Enable OSPF with router ospf <process-id>.
  • Define areas with network <networks> ` command.

IP Setting

  • IP addresses for network devices are specified, including subnet masks, default gateways, and DNS servers if applicable.

Router Configuration

  • Commands to configure routers are given, like network <network> and area 0

Show Commands

  • show ip route: Displays routing table information for a router
  • show ip ospf: Shows OSPF processes and related data including the router ID.
  • show ip ospf database: Shows information about the OSPF neighbour's ID
  • show ip ospf interface <interface>: Shows interface-related OSPF information like IP, Area, etc

Test connection

  • Successful connection tests show that packets are sent and received.

Administrative Distances

  • Table shows administrative distances for various routing protocols.

Routing Protocol Comparison

  • OSPF vs RIP in a table comparing their characteristics.

Other

  • Network diagrams and tables show configurations and data for different network components.

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Related Documents

Dynamic Routing Lecture Notes PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) and other routing protocols. This quiz covers the purpose of Hello packets, the role of designated routers, and the differences between IGPs and EGPs. Answer questions related to RIP and distance-vector routing to assess your understanding of routing concepts.

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