OSPF and Routing Protocols Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of Hello packets in OSPF?

To compute the shortest path to every network

To provide dynamic neighbor discovery and maintain relationships (correct)

To share routing information among OSPF routers

To group routers into areas

What information does the topological database store?

Static routing information for each network

Information from all Link State Advertisements received (correct)

Passwords of OSPF routers

List of routers requiring updates

Which term describes the relationship that allows OSPF routers to directly exchange route updates?

Routing

Adjacency (correct)

Topology

Neighbor

What is the purpose of the designated router (DR) in OSPF?

To be elected for handling link-state updates Signup and view all the answers

What multicast address do Hello packets use for OSPF neighbor discovery?

224.0.0.5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a routing protocol?

To define rules for routers to exchange routing information Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP)?

Operates within a single autonomous system Signup and view all the answers

Which is an example of an Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)?

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of distance-vector routing protocols?

They determine the best path based solely on hop count Signup and view all the answers

In relation to routing, what does 'link-state' refer to?

Protocols that rely on real-time data and network conditions Signup and view all the answers

What does RIP rely on to determine the best route to a network?

The least number of hops Signup and view all the answers

What happens every 30 seconds in RIP routing?

The router sends the complete routing table Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding RIP version 1?

It only supports classful routing. Signup and view all the answers

What feature differentiates RIP version 2 from RIP version 1?

RIP version 2 supports variable length subnet masking (VLSM). Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about RIP is true?

RIP has an advertisement distance of 120. Signup and view all the answers

In RIP, what does the term 'hop count' refer to?

The number of routers a packet must traverse. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a classful protocol like RIP version 1?

It requires all devices to use the same subnet mask. Signup and view all the answers

Which multicast address is used by RIP version 2 for periodic updates?

224.0.0.9 Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of hops allowed in a RIP configured IP network?

15 hops Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method RIP uses to determine the best path to a destination?

Hop count Signup and view all the answers

Which type of authentication does RIP version 2 support?

Plain text and MD5 authentication Signup and view all the answers

What type of routing protocol is OSPF classified as?

Link state Signup and view all the answers

Which command is used to configure RIP on a router?

router rip Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum hop count for RIP?

15 Signup and view all the answers

Which command verifies that RIP is running on a router?

show ip protocols Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes OSPF from RIP regarding convergence speed?

OSPF converges faster than RIP Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of RIPv1?

Distance vector protocol Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'show running-config' command display?

Configuration settings of the router Signup and view all the answers

What is the administrative distance assigned to OSPF?

110 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately represents OSPF's path metric?

Cost Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would you use the RIP routing protocol?

In small networks with limited hop counts Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the acknowledgment in LSA updates after flooding throughout the network?

To confirm the update has been propagated correctly Signup and view all the answers

Which multicast address is used for AllSPFRouters in point-to-point networks?

224.0.0.5 Signup and view all the answers

What criterion does OSPF primarily rely on when calculating the best path to a network?

The sum of the interface costs Signup and view all the answers

How is the OSPF cost calculated for a path?

Cost = 10^8 / Bandwidth Signup and view all the answers

In the OSPF configuration command, what does the 'Process ID' represent?

A value ranging from 1 to 65,535 for the OSPF instance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a valid multicast address for OSPF routers?

234.0.0.5 Signup and view all the answers

What action does the command 'ip ospf cost' perform?

It modifies the OSPF cost on a specific interface Signup and view all the answers

What is created by each router within an OSPF area based on network information?

A shortest-path tree Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the command 'show ip ospf'?

To display OSPF information, including router ID and LSA timer Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding wild card masks?

Wild card masks are the inverse of subnet masks. Signup and view all the answers

Which command allows you to see all interface-related OSPF information?

show ip ospf interface Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the router ID (RID) in OSPF?

The highest IP address configured on the router Signup and view all the answers

What does the command 'network 172.16.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0' achieve?

It configures OSPF for the specified network in area 0. Signup and view all the answers

In the OSPF configuration for Router B, which command is incorrect?

network 172.16.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 Signup and view all the answers

Which command provides information about the number of routers in the OSPF internetwork?

show ip ospf database Signup and view all the answers

If a subnet mask is 255.255.255.0, what would the corresponding wild card mask be?

0.0.0.255 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Dynamic Routing

Dynamic routing protocols automatically update routing tables on routers.
This allows for changes in network topology to be reflected in the routing tables more rapidly.

Routing Protocol

A routing protocol defines rules for exchanging routing information between neighboring routers.
This information updates the routers' tables.

Type of Routing Protocols

Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs)
- Used within an autonomous system (AS)
Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGPs)
- Used between autonomous systems

Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs)

IGPs are used for routing within an autonomous system.
An autonomous system (AS) is a collection of networks under the control of a single administrative domain.
RIP, OSPF are examples of IGPs

Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGPs)

EGPs are used for routing between autonomous systems.
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is an example of an EGP

Interior Routing Protocols Class

Distance Vector
- RIP
Link State
- OSPF
Advanced Distance Vector
- EIGRP

Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

RIP routing selects the route with the fewest hops to the network.
RIP updates routing tables every 30 seconds.
RIP version 1 uses classful routing.
RIP version 2 supports classless routing (prefix routing) and sends subnet mask information with its updates.

RIP Properties

Open standard
Classful protocol
Distance-vector, interior gateway protocol
Uses hop count to determine the best path
Maximum hops a packet can take is 15.
Default administrative distance is 120.
Advertisement distance is 120.

Versions of RIP

RIPv1
- Classful routing protocol
- Distance vector routing protocol
- Does not support Variable Length Subnet Masking (VLSM).
- Uses broadcast IP address 255.255.255.255.
- Does not support authentication.
RIPv2
- Classless routing protocol
- Distance vector routing protocol
- Supports VLSM.
- Supports periodic updates.
- Multicast address: 224.0.0.9.
- Supports authentication (e.g., plain text, MD5).

Classful Protocol

Routing protocol that doesn't send subnet mask information in route updates.
All devices in the network must use the same subnet mask.
Example: RIPv1

Classless Protocol

Routing that sends subnet mask information in routing updates.
Example: RIPv2, EIGRP, OSPF

Syntax for Configuring RIP

RIPv1 configuration syntax
- router rip
- network <network>
RIPv2 configuration syntax
- router rip
- network <network>
- version 2

Configuring RIP Routing

Turn on the protocol with the router rip command.
Tell the RIP routing protocol to advertise directly connected networks using network command
The network command tells the protocol which classful network to advertise.

Lab 1 (IP Addresses)

IP addresses for each router interface in a network segment are provided.

Lab Configuration Examples

Configuration commands: router rip, network <network address> version 2

OSPF Terminology

Link: A network or router interface.
Router ID (RID): A unique identifier for each router.
Neighbor: Two or more routers connected via an interface.
Adjacency: Relationship between two OSPF routers enabling route updates.
Designated Router (DR): An elected router for route update flow in a broadcast network.

OSPF Operation

Neighbor and adjacency initialization
- OSPF allocates memory for neighbors and topology tables.
- Checks if neighbors are active.
- Sends Hello packets to establish adjacencies.
LSA flooding
- Shares link-state and routing information.
SPF tree calculation
- Calculates the best/shortest path.
- Constructs a tree to determine the path to all networks

OSPF Metrics

Metric = cost = 10^8 / bandwidth
Bandwidth is used to determine the cost.

Configuring OSPF

Enable OSPF with router ospf <process-id>.
Define areas with network <networks> ` command.

IP Setting

IP addresses for network devices are specified, including subnet masks, default gateways, and DNS servers if applicable.

Router Configuration

Commands to configure routers are given, like network <network> and area 0

Show Commands

show ip route: Displays routing table information for a router
show ip ospf: Shows OSPF processes and related data including the router ID.
show ip ospf database: Shows information about the OSPF neighbour's ID
show ip ospf interface <interface>: Shows interface-related OSPF information like IP, Area, etc

Test connection

Successful connection tests show that packets are sent and received.

Administrative Distances

Table shows administrative distances for various routing protocols.

Routing Protocol Comparison

OSPF vs RIP in a table comparing their characteristics.

Other

Network diagrams and tables show configurations and data for different network components.

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Description

Test your knowledge on OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) and other routing protocols. This quiz covers the purpose of Hello packets, the role of designated routers, and the differences between IGPs and EGPs. Answer questions related to RIP and distance-vector routing to assess your understanding of routing concepts.