Questions and Answers
Isotonic solutions cause net movement of water molecules across the cell membrane.
False
What is osmotic pressure a measure of?
Define hypotonic solution.
A solution with a lower solute concentration outside the cell than inside.
A solution that has a higher solute concentration than the fluids inside the cell is called __________.
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Match the following types of solutions with their characteristics:
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What happens to a cell when the solution outside is isotonic?
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Active transport is the passage of a substance from its higher to lower concentration through a living cell membrane.
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What happens to a red blood cell placed in a hypertonic solution?
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Osmotic pressure is equal to the pressure required to allow the passage of pure solvent into the solution.
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What is the direction of active transport?
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
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What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?
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When a cell is fully distended, it is called ______________________.
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A semi-permeable membrane allows the passage of solute molecules.
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The term used to describe the relative concentration of solutions that affect diffusion is __________.
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What is the energy source for active transport?
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Study Notes
Osmotic Pressure
- Osmotic pressure is the minimum pressure required to prevent the passage of pure solvent into a solution when the two are separated by a semi-permeable membrane.
- It is equal to the weight or pressure that nullifies the entry of water into a solution.
Tonicity
- Tonicity refers to the relative concentration of solutions that determines the direction and extent of diffusion.
- There are three types of solutions based on tonicity: isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic.
Isotonic Solution
- In an isotonic solution, the concentration of water molecules and solute on either side of the cell membrane is the same.
- There is no net movement of water molecules across the cell membrane in an isotonic solution.
Hypotonic Solution
- In a hypotonic solution, the solution outside the cell has a lower solute concentration than the fluids inside the cell.
- Water molecules from outside the cell move into the cell (endosmosis) in a hypotonic solution.
Hypertonic Solution
- In a hypertonic solution, the solution outside the cell has a higher solute concentration than the fluids inside the cell.
- Water molecules from the interior of the cell move out (exosmosis) in a hypertonic solution.
Effects of Tonicity on Cells
- In an isotonic solution, cell shape and size remain unchanged.
- In a hypertonic solution, cells shrink in size and lose shape.
- In a hypotonic solution, cells slightly enlarge or even burst.
Plant Cells
- Plant cells have a rigid cell wall that resists bulging and protects the delicate cellular parts inside.
- Turgidity, plasmolysis, and flaccidity are phenomena related to the behavior of plant cells in varying external fluid environments.
Active Transport
- Active transport is the passage of a substance from lower to higher concentration through a living cell membrane using energy from the cell.
- Active transport is in a direction opposite to that of diffusion.
- Certain nutrients such as ions of nitrates, sulphates, potassium, zinc, and manganese cannot pass through the cell membrane of root cells easily and require active transport.
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Description
This quiz is about an experiment to demonstrate osmotic pressure, where a piston is used to nullify the entry of water into a sugar solution. The concept of osmotic pressure is explained through this experiment.
