Chemistry Solubility Concepts
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Questions and Answers

How does the solubility of a solid in a liquid generally change with temperature when the dissolution process is endothermic?

  • Decreases as temperature rises
  • Increases as temperature rises (correct)
  • Remains unchanged with temperature
  • Decreases only at low temperatures

    • What is the effect of pressure on the solubility of solids in liquids?

  • Significantly increases the solubility
  • Decreases the solubility
  • Has no significant effect (correct)
  • Increases solubility at high temperatures

    • Which gas is noted for its low solubility in water, sustaining aquatic life?

  • Hydrogen chloride (HCl)
  • Oxygen (O2) (correct)
  • Nitrogen (N2)
  • Carbon dioxide (CO2)

    • Under what conditions does the solubility of gases in liquids generally increase?

    <p>Increase in pressure and increase in temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects the solubility of gases in a liquid?

    <p>Both pressure and temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the presence of a non-volatile solute have on the vapour pressure of a solvent?

    <p>Decreases the vapour pressure of the solvent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Raoult's law, what is the relationship between the partial vapour pressure of a component and its mole fraction in a solution?

    <p>It is directly proportional to the mole fraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the number of solvent molecules escaping from the surface when a solute is added to it?

    <p>It decreases due to the solute occupying part of the surface area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant factor affecting the decrease in vapour pressure of a solvent when a solute is added?

    <p>The quantity of the non-volatile solute present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When comparing two different solutes added to the same solvent, what can be inferred about their effect on vapour pressure?

    <p>The decrease in vapour pressure will be similar if the amount of solute is the same.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect on blood cells when placed in a hypertonic solution?

    <p>They will shrink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the osmotic pressure equivalent of a normal saline solution?

    <p>0.9% sodium chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the molar mass of the protein relate to osmotic pressure?

    <p>It can be calculated using values related to osmotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a raw mango placed in concentrated salt solution?

    <p>It shrivels and loses water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to wilted flowers when placed in fresh water?

    <p>They will revive as water flows into the cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the symbol R represent in the equations provided?

    <p>Gas constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which solvent has the highest freezing point according to the provided data?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Kb represent in the equations provided?

    <p>Boiling point elevation constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which solvent is the Kf value the highest?

    <p>Carbon tetrachloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a solution is prepared with 45 g of ethylene glycol mixed with 600 g of water, which property would mainly be affected?

    <p>Boiling point of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of Kf for ethanol according to the data provided?

    <p>1.99 K kg mol^-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the equations provided, what do Tf and Tb represent?

    <p>Freezing point and boiling point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which solvent has the lowest boiling point according to the data provided?

    <p>Diethyl ether</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of molarity?

    <p>Moles of solute per liter of solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the relationship between mole fraction and mass percentage?

    <p>Mass percentage can be converted to mole fraction with density.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a solution of glucose labeled as 10% w/w, how does the mass percentage relate to molality?

    <p>Higher mass percentage results in higher molality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of molecular interactions in a solution of alcohol and water?

    <p>They enhance solubility due to hydrogen bonding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are gases typically less soluble in liquids as temperature increases?

    <p>Increased temperature promotes gas escape from the liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Solubility

    • Solubility of a substance in another is dependent on the nature of both substances.
    • Solubility of a solid in a liquid is significantly affected by temperature changes.
    • Solubility of a solid in a liquid increases with temperature if the dissolution process is endothermic (Dsol H > 0).
    • Solubility of a solid in a liquid decreases with temperature if the dissolution process is exothermic (Dsol H < 0).
    • Pressure has a negligible effect on the solubility of solids in liquids.
    • Solubility of gases in liquids increases with pressure.
    • Vapour pressure of a solution is lower than the vapour pressure of the pure solvent at the same temperature due to the solute molecules occupying surface area and reducing the escape of solvent molecules.

    Raoult's Law

    • For any solution the partial vapour pressure of each volatile component is directly proportional to its mole fraction.

    Osmotic Pressure

    • Placing a cell in a solution with higher salt concentration (hypertonic) will cause water to flow out of the cell causing the cell to shrink.
    • Placing a cell in a solution with lower salt concentration (hypotonic) will cause water to flow into the cell causing it to swell.

    Molarity

    • Molarity (M) = moles of solute / volume of solution (in liters)

    Molality

    • Molality (m) = moles of solute / mass of solvent (in kilograms)

    Mole Fraction

    • Mole fraction (X) = moles of component/ total moles in the solution

    Mass Percentage

    • Mass Percentage = (mass of solute / mass of solution) x 100

    Boiling Point Elevation

    • The boiling point of a solution is higher than the boiling point of the pure solvent.
    • Boiling point elevation is proportional to the molality of the solution.

    Freezing Point Depression

    • The freezing point of a solution is lower than the freezing point of the pure solvent.
    • Freezing point depression is proportional to the molality of the solution.

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential concepts related to solubility in chemistry, including factors affecting solubility, temperature effects on solids, and the behavior of gases. It also discusses Raoult's Law and the implications of osmotic pressure in solutions. Test your understanding of these fundamental principles!

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