Osmosis and Diffusion Concepts

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What factors affect channel-mediated diffusion?

Temperature and pH levels

Size and electrical charge (correct)

Fluid viscosity and pressure

Light intensity and duration

What is the primary purpose of osmosis in cellular processes?

To allow ions to flow freely across membranes

To prevent water from entering or exiting cells

To distribute oxygen throughout the cell

To regulate the concentration of solutes in cells (correct)

Which statement accurately describes osmosis?

It is the movement of solute molecules across a membrane.

It prevents changes in cell volume regardless of solute concentration.

It occurs only in isotonic solutions.

It involves the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. (correct)

How does a selectively permeable membrane influence osmosis?

It selectively permits water to move while limiting solute mobility. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of osmosis, what happens when two solutions of different solute concentrations are separated by a membrane?

Equilibrium is achieved when solute concentrations are equal on both sides. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during telophase of mitosis?

Nuclear envelopes reform and chromosomes uncoil Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of mitosis involves the division of the cytoplasm?

Cytokinesis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tumor is localized and not life threatening?

Benign tumor Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of oncogenes in cell growth?

Cause abnormal cell growth Signup and view all the answers

Which process occurs first in the stages of mitotic division?

DNA replication Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the G1 phase of the cell cycle?

Cell growth and organelle duplication take place Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes are present in daughter cells produced by mitosis?

46 diploid chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of mitosis involves the alignment of chromosomes along the metaphase plate?

Metaphase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cytokinesis in cell division?

To divide the cytoplasm and organelles Signup and view all the answers

What role does DNA polymerase play during DNA replication?

Attaches complementary nucleotides Signup and view all the answers

During which phase do centrioles move to the cell poles?

Prophase Signup and view all the answers

Which component connects two sister chromatids?

Centromere Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in the S phase of the cell cycle?

DNA replication Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells undergo meiosis?

Sex cells Signup and view all the answers

What protein complex forms around the centromere during mitosis?

Kinetochore Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a cell placed in a hypotonic solution?

The cell gains water and swells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of osmotic pressure?

To facilitate the movement of water. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient?

Active transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a hypertonic solution?

It has a higher concentration of solutes than the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Receptors bind ligands and form coated vesicles. Signup and view all the answers

In facilitated diffusion, what role do carrier proteins play?

They transport large molecules by undergoing a shape change. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sodium-potassium exchange pump?

To move Na+ out and K+ into the cell using ATP. Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the total solute concentration in an aqueous solution?

Osmolarity Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of endocytosis in action?

White blood cells engulfing bacteria. Signup and view all the answers

What is countertransport in carrier-mediated transport?

Transport of two substances in opposite directions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structural unit of DNA?

Nucleotides Signup and view all the answers

Which nitrogen base is unique to RNA?

Uracil Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of RNA polymerase during transcription?

To transcribe DNA to mRNA Signup and view all the answers

What event occurs during RNA editing?

Exons are spliced together Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the codon during translation?

It encodes for a specific amino acid Signup and view all the answers

Which process is directly responsible for the formation of a polypeptide chain?

Translation Signup and view all the answers

What can result from a mutation in a gene?

Altered protein function Signup and view all the answers

How does the cell membrane regulate permeability?

Through selective barriers based on size and charge Signup and view all the answers

Which transport method requires energy from ATP?