Osmosis and Diffusion Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What factors affect channel-mediated diffusion?

  • Temperature and pH levels
  • Size and electrical charge (correct)
  • Fluid viscosity and pressure
  • Light intensity and duration

What is the primary purpose of osmosis in cellular processes?

  • To allow ions to flow freely across membranes
  • To prevent water from entering or exiting cells
  • To distribute oxygen throughout the cell
  • To regulate the concentration of solutes in cells (correct)

Which statement accurately describes osmosis?

  • It is the movement of solute molecules across a membrane.
  • It prevents changes in cell volume regardless of solute concentration.
  • It occurs only in isotonic solutions.
  • It involves the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. (correct)

How does a selectively permeable membrane influence osmosis?

<p>It selectively permits water to move while limiting solute mobility. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of osmosis, what happens when two solutions of different solute concentrations are separated by a membrane?

<p>Equilibrium is achieved when solute concentrations are equal on both sides. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during telophase of mitosis?

<p>Nuclear envelopes reform and chromosomes uncoil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of mitosis involves the division of the cytoplasm?

<p>Cytokinesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tumor is localized and not life threatening?

<p>Benign tumor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of oncogenes in cell growth?

<p>Cause abnormal cell growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process occurs first in the stages of mitotic division?

<p>DNA replication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the G1 phase of the cell cycle?

<p>Cell growth and organelle duplication take place (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes are present in daughter cells produced by mitosis?

<p>46 diploid chromosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of mitosis involves the alignment of chromosomes along the metaphase plate?

<p>Metaphase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cytokinesis in cell division?

<p>To divide the cytoplasm and organelles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does DNA polymerase play during DNA replication?

<p>Attaches complementary nucleotides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase do centrioles move to the cell poles?

<p>Prophase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component connects two sister chromatids?

<p>Centromere (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in the S phase of the cell cycle?

<p>DNA replication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells undergo meiosis?

<p>Sex cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What protein complex forms around the centromere during mitosis?

<p>Kinetochore (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a cell placed in a hypotonic solution?

<p>The cell gains water and swells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of osmotic pressure?

<p>To facilitate the movement of water. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient?

<p>Active transport (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a hypertonic solution?

<p>It has a higher concentration of solutes than the cell. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during receptor-mediated endocytosis?

<p>Receptors bind ligands and form coated vesicles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In facilitated diffusion, what role do carrier proteins play?

<p>They transport large molecules by undergoing a shape change. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sodium-potassium exchange pump?

<p>To move Na+ out and K+ into the cell using ATP. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the total solute concentration in an aqueous solution?

<p>Osmolarity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of endocytosis in action?

<p>White blood cells engulfing bacteria. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is countertransport in carrier-mediated transport?

<p>Transport of two substances in opposite directions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structural unit of DNA?

<p>Nucleotides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nitrogen base is unique to RNA?

<p>Uracil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of RNA polymerase during transcription?

<p>To transcribe DNA to mRNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event occurs during RNA editing?

<p>Exons are spliced together (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the codon during translation?

<p>It encodes for a specific amino acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is directly responsible for the formation of a polypeptide chain?

<p>Translation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can result from a mutation in a gene?

<p>Altered protein function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the cell membrane regulate permeability?

<p>Through selective barriers based on size and charge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which transport method requires energy from ATP?

<p>Active transport (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of diffusion, what does a higher concentration gradient imply?

<p>Faster rate of diffusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecule primarily undergoes simple diffusion across the cell membrane?

<p>Lipid-soluble compounds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is involved in carrier-mediated transport?

<p>Proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must occur for diffusion to eliminate a concentration gradient?

<p>Solute must evenly distribute in the solvent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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