Osmosis and Concentration Gradient

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Questions and Answers

What is the unit of measurement for osmotic pressure?

Atmospheres (atm) or pascals (Pa) (correct)

Liters per mole

Joules per liter

Moles per liter

What is the direction of the net movement of solvent molecules in osmosis?

From an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (correct)

Randomly in both directions

Only in one direction, depending on the concentration gradient

From an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

What is the term for a solution that has the same concentration of solutes as the cell's internal environment?

Concentrated

Hypotonic

Hypertonic

Isotonic (correct)

What is the process by which particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a concentration gradient on the movement of solvent molecules in osmosis?

It drives the movement of solvent molecules from high to low concentration Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a solution with a higher solute concentration than the cell's internal environment?

Hypertonic Signup and view all the answers

What type of transport does facilitated diffusion involve?

Passive transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of facilitated diffusion?

To increase the rate of diffusion of certain molecules across the cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the driving force behind diffusion?

Concentration gradient Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of diffusion?

The concentration of molecules becomes uniform throughout Signup and view all the answers

What type of diffusion involves the movement of molecules through a transport protein?

Facilitated diffusion Signup and view all the answers

In a hypertonic solution, what happens to the cell?

Water molecules leave the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of osmotic pressure?

To create a pressure difference between two solutions Signup and view all the answers

In an isotonic solution, what happens to the cell?

There is no net movement of water molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the osmotic pressure?

From high concentration to low concentration Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a hypotonic solution on a cell?

Water molecules enter the cell Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Osmosis

Osmotic Pressure

Osmotic pressure is the pressure that develops in a solution when it is separated from a pure solvent by a semipermeable membrane.
It is the pressure required to prevent the flow of solvent into the solution through the membrane.
Osmotic pressure is directly proportional to:
- Concentration of solute
- Temperature
Measured in atmospheres (atm) or pascals (Pa)

Concentration Gradient

A concentration gradient is a gradual change in the concentration of a substance from high to low.
In osmosis, a concentration gradient drives the movement of solvent molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Concentration gradient can be described in terms of:
- Hypertonic: high solute concentration
- Hypotonic: low solute concentration
- Isotonic: equal solute concentration

Isotonic Solutions

Isotonic solutions have the same concentration of solutes as the cell's internal environment.
No net movement of solvent occurs between the cell and the solution.
Examples:
- 0.9% saline solution (NaCl) is isotonic with human blood
- 5% glucose solution is isotonic with some bodily fluids

Diffusion

Diffusion is the random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Diffusion occurs in both directions, but the net movement is always from high to low concentration.
In osmosis, diffusion of solvent molecules through the semipermeable membrane helps to equalize the concentration gradient.

Osmosis

Osmotic Pressure

Osmotic pressure develops when a solution is separated from a pure solvent by a semipermeable membrane.
It's the pressure required to prevent solvent flow into the solution.
Osmotic pressure is directly proportional to concentration of solute and temperature.
Measured in atmospheres (atm) or pascals (Pa).

Concentration Gradient

A concentration gradient is a gradual change in solute concentration from high to low.
Drives solvent movement from high to low concentration in osmosis.
Concentration gradient can be described as:
- Hypertonic: high solute concentration
- Hypotonic: low solute concentration
- Isotonic: equal solute concentration

Isotonic Solutions

Isotonic solutions have the same solute concentration as the cell's internal environment.
No net solvent movement occurs between the cell and the solution.
Examples of isotonic solutions:
- 0.9% saline solution (NaCl) is isotonic with human blood
- 5% glucose solution is isotonic with some bodily fluids

Diffusion

Diffusion is the random movement of particles from high to low concentration.
Occurs in both directions, but net movement is from high to low concentration.
In osmosis, solvent molecules diffuse through the semipermeable membrane to equalize the concentration gradient.

Osmosis

Facilitated Diffusion

Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport that involves the movement of molecules down their concentration gradient through a transport protein.
This process requires no energy input and is specific to certain molecules.
It increases the rate of diffusion of certain molecules across the cell membrane.
Examples of molecules that use facilitated diffusion include glucose, amino acids, and ions.

Diffusion

Diffusion is the random movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
This process continues until equilibrium is reached, where the concentration of molecules is uniform throughout.
Diffusion can occur through a cell membrane or across a distance.
There are two types of diffusion:
- Simple diffusion: movement of molecules through a cell membrane without the aid of transport proteins.
- Facilitated diffusion: movement of molecules through a transport protein.

Osmotic Pressure

Osmotic pressure is the pressure that develops in a solution when it is separated from another solution by a semipermeable membrane.
The pressure is caused by the movement of water molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Osmotic pressure is measured in units of pressure (e.g. atm or kPa).
There are three types of osmotic pressure:
- Isotonic: the osmotic pressure of the solution is equal to that of the cell, resulting in no net movement of water molecules.
- Hypotonic: the osmotic pressure of the solution is lower than that of the cell, resulting in water molecules entering the cell.
- Hypertonic: the osmotic pressure of the solution is higher than that of the cell, resulting in water molecules leaving the cell.

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Description

Understand the concepts of osmosis, osmotic pressure, and concentration gradient, including their definitions, factors affecting osmotic pressure, and measurement units.