Osmosis and Concentration Gradient
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Questions and Answers

What is the unit of measurement for osmotic pressure?

  • Atmospheres (atm) or pascals (Pa) (correct)
  • Liters per mole
  • Joules per liter
  • Moles per liter
  • What is the direction of the net movement of solvent molecules in osmosis?

  • From an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (correct)
  • Randomly in both directions
  • Only in one direction, depending on the concentration gradient
  • From an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
  • What is the term for a solution that has the same concentration of solutes as the cell's internal environment?

  • Concentrated
  • Hypotonic
  • Hypertonic
  • Isotonic (correct)
  • What is the process by which particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a concentration gradient on the movement of solvent molecules in osmosis?

    <p>It drives the movement of solvent molecules from high to low concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a solution with a higher solute concentration than the cell's internal environment?

    <p>Hypertonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport does facilitated diffusion involve?

    <p>Passive transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of facilitated diffusion?

    <p>To increase the rate of diffusion of certain molecules across the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force behind diffusion?

    <p>Concentration gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of diffusion?

    <p>The concentration of molecules becomes uniform throughout</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of diffusion involves the movement of molecules through a transport protein?

    <p>Facilitated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a hypertonic solution, what happens to the cell?

    <p>Water molecules leave the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of osmotic pressure?

    <p>To create a pressure difference between two solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an isotonic solution, what happens to the cell?

    <p>There is no net movement of water molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the osmotic pressure?

    <p>From high concentration to low concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a hypotonic solution on a cell?

    <p>Water molecules enter the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Osmosis

    Osmotic Pressure

    • Osmotic pressure is the pressure that develops in a solution when it is separated from a pure solvent by a semipermeable membrane.
    • It is the pressure required to prevent the flow of solvent into the solution through the membrane.
    • Osmotic pressure is directly proportional to:
      • Concentration of solute
      • Temperature
    • Measured in atmospheres (atm) or pascals (Pa)

    Concentration Gradient

    • A concentration gradient is a gradual change in the concentration of a substance from high to low.
    • In osmosis, a concentration gradient drives the movement of solvent molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
    • Concentration gradient can be described in terms of:
      • Hypertonic: high solute concentration
      • Hypotonic: low solute concentration
      • Isotonic: equal solute concentration

    Isotonic Solutions

    • Isotonic solutions have the same concentration of solutes as the cell's internal environment.
    • No net movement of solvent occurs between the cell and the solution.
    • Examples:
      • 0.9% saline solution (NaCl) is isotonic with human blood
      • 5% glucose solution is isotonic with some bodily fluids

    Diffusion

    • Diffusion is the random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
    • Diffusion occurs in both directions, but the net movement is always from high to low concentration.
    • In osmosis, diffusion of solvent molecules through the semipermeable membrane helps to equalize the concentration gradient.

    Osmosis

    Osmotic Pressure

    • Osmotic pressure develops when a solution is separated from a pure solvent by a semipermeable membrane.
    • It's the pressure required to prevent solvent flow into the solution.
    • Osmotic pressure is directly proportional to concentration of solute and temperature.
    • Measured in atmospheres (atm) or pascals (Pa).

    Concentration Gradient

    • A concentration gradient is a gradual change in solute concentration from high to low.
    • Drives solvent movement from high to low concentration in osmosis.
    • Concentration gradient can be described as:
      • Hypertonic: high solute concentration
      • Hypotonic: low solute concentration
      • Isotonic: equal solute concentration

    Isotonic Solutions

    • Isotonic solutions have the same solute concentration as the cell's internal environment.
    • No net solvent movement occurs between the cell and the solution.
    • Examples of isotonic solutions:
      • 0.9% saline solution (NaCl) is isotonic with human blood
      • 5% glucose solution is isotonic with some bodily fluids

    Diffusion

    • Diffusion is the random movement of particles from high to low concentration.
    • Occurs in both directions, but net movement is from high to low concentration.
    • In osmosis, solvent molecules diffuse through the semipermeable membrane to equalize the concentration gradient.

    Osmosis

    Facilitated Diffusion

    • Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport that involves the movement of molecules down their concentration gradient through a transport protein.
    • This process requires no energy input and is specific to certain molecules.
    • It increases the rate of diffusion of certain molecules across the cell membrane.
    • Examples of molecules that use facilitated diffusion include glucose, amino acids, and ions.

    Diffusion

    • Diffusion is the random movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
    • This process continues until equilibrium is reached, where the concentration of molecules is uniform throughout.
    • Diffusion can occur through a cell membrane or across a distance.
    • There are two types of diffusion:
      • Simple diffusion: movement of molecules through a cell membrane without the aid of transport proteins.
      • Facilitated diffusion: movement of molecules through a transport protein.

    Osmotic Pressure

    • Osmotic pressure is the pressure that develops in a solution when it is separated from another solution by a semipermeable membrane.
    • The pressure is caused by the movement of water molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
    • Osmotic pressure is measured in units of pressure (e.g. atm or kPa).
    • There are three types of osmotic pressure:
      • Isotonic: the osmotic pressure of the solution is equal to that of the cell, resulting in no net movement of water molecules.
      • Hypotonic: the osmotic pressure of the solution is lower than that of the cell, resulting in water molecules entering the cell.
      • Hypertonic: the osmotic pressure of the solution is higher than that of the cell, resulting in water molecules leaving the cell.

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    Description

    Understand the concepts of osmosis, osmotic pressure, and concentration gradient, including their definitions, factors affecting osmotic pressure, and measurement units.

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