OSI Model Physical Layer Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is an important function of the physical layer of the OSI model?

It encodes frames into electrical, optical, or radio wave signals.

In which layer of the OSI model is the error categorized when signals generated by the server NIC are distorted?

Network layer

Presentation layer

Data link layer

Physical layer (correct)

What is the purpose of the OSI physical layer?

Transmitting bits across the local media.

Which statement correctly describes frame encoding?

It converts bits into a predefined code in order to provide a predictable pattern to help distinguish data bits from control bits. Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of using fiber-optic cabling rather than copper cabling?

It is able to carry signals much farther than copper cabling. Signup and view all the answers

Which pairs of wires change termination order between the 568A and 568B standards?

Green and orange Signup and view all the answers

What is the delay in the amount of time for data to travel between two points on a network?

Latency. Signup and view all the answers

What terms represent the maximum and actual speed that can be utilized by a device to transfer data?

Bandwidth; throughput. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of network cable contains multiple copper wires and uses extra shielding to prevent interference?

STP. Signup and view all the answers

What is line encoding?

A method to represent digital information. Signup and view all the answers

What is a factor that determines the practical bandwidth of a network?

Physical media properties. Signup and view all the answers

What are three options for signal transmission on a network? (Choose three.)

Light pulses Signup and view all the answers

What method can be used by two computers to ensure that packets are not dropped because too much data is being sent too quickly?

Flow control. Signup and view all the answers

What type of communication will send a message to all devices on a local area network?

Broadcast. Signup and view all the answers

What process is used to place one message inside another message for transfer from the source to the destination?

Encapsulation. Signup and view all the answers

From the perspective of the client, what is the correct order of the protocol stack that is used to prepare a request for transmission?

HTTP, TCP, IP, Ethernet Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is correct about network protocols?

They define how messages are exchanged between the source and the destination. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about the TCP/IP and OSI models?

The TCP/IP transport layer and OSI Layer 4 provide similar services and functions. Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of using standards to develop and implement protocols?

Products from different manufacturers can interoperate successfully. Signup and view all the answers

What three application layer protocols are part of the TCP/IP protocol suite? (Choose three.)

FTP Signup and view all the answers

What are proprietary protocols?

Protocols developed by organizations who have control over their definition and operation. Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of network devices using open standard protocols?

A client host and a server running different operating systems can successfully exchange data. Signup and view all the answers

What type of communication is a computer using when communicating with a specific group of computers?

Multicast. Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol is responsible for controlling the size and rate of the HTTP messages exchanged between server and client?

TCP. Signup and view all the answers

From where does a web client request a webpage?

Web server. Signup and view all the answers

Which IEEE standard enables a wireless NIC to connect to a wireless AP that is made by a different manufacturer?

802.11. Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of Layer 4 of the OSI model?

To describe the ordered and reliable delivery of data between source and destination. Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of using a layered model for network communications?

Fostering competition among device and software vendors by enforcing the compatibility of their products. Signup and view all the answers

What is the general term that is used to describe a piece of data at any layer of a networking model?

Protocol data unit. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes a TCP/IP encapsulation process when a PC is sending data to the network?

Segments are sent from the transport layer to the internet layer. Signup and view all the answers

What statement describes the function of the Address Resolution Protocol?

ARP is used to discover the MAC address of any host on the local network. Signup and view all the answers

Which address provides a unique host address for data communications at the internet layer?

Logical address. Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol is used by a computer to find the MAC address of the default gateway on an Ethernet network?

ARP. Signup and view all the answers

If the default gateway is configured incorrectly on the host, what is the impact on communications?

The host can communicate with other hosts on the local network, but is unable to communicate with hosts on remote networks. Signup and view all the answers

What IP address would PC1 and PC2 use as their default gateway?

192.168.1.1. Signup and view all the answers

During encapsulation for an HTTP request, what information is added to the address field of a frame to indicate the destination?

The MAC address of the default gateway. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

OSI Model and Physical Layer

Physical layer encodes frames into electrical, optical, or radio signals for transmission across network media.
Errors in signal distortion from hardware are categorized at the physical layer, which is Layer 1 of the OSI model.
The main purpose of the physical layer is transmitting bits across local media, distinct from the data link layer responsibilities.

Frame Encoding and Transmission

Frame encoding converts bits into a predefined code, distinguishing data bits from control bits and framing the data.
Fiber-optic cabling can carry signals much farther than copper cabling and is less susceptible to interference.
568A and 568B standards differ in the order of wired pair colors, specifically swapping green and orange pairs.

Networking Concepts and Metrics

Latency refers to the delay in data travel between network points, affecting performance.
Bandwidth is the maximum rate of data transfer, while throughput is the actual rate achieved after considering factors like congestion.
Shielded twisted-pair (STP) cabling uses extra shielding to minimize interference.

Signals and Data Format

Signal transmission options include electrical pulses, light pulses, and radio waves.
Flow control ensures data is sent at a manageable rate to prevent packet loss.
Encapsulation is the process where one message format is placed into another for routing.

Protocols in Networking

TCP controls size and rate of HTTP messages, managing data segments in conversation between client and server.
The TCP/IP transport layer is responsible for ordered, reliable delivery of data.
Standards for protocols allow interoperability among products from different manufacturers.

Application Layer Protocols

DHCP, DNS, and FTP are key application layer protocols within the TCP/IP suite.
Proprietary protocols are controlled by a single organization, unlike open standards which promote interoperability and innovation.

Network Communication Types

Multicast communication refers to messages sent to a specific group of computers, contrasting with broadcast (one-to-all) and unicast (one-to-one).
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) discovers MAC addresses of devices on the local network, essential for packet delivery.

Addressing and Gateway Functions

Logical addresses provide unique identification for devices at the internet layer, necessary for routing.
An incorrectly configured default gateway restricts communication to the local network, preventing access to remote hosts.

TCP/IP Encapsulation Process

Data encapsulation in TCP/IP involves sending segments from the transport layer to the internet layer for routing.
TCP manages individual conversations, while the underlying network access layer structures frames for transmission.

Final Notes on Protocols and Devices

Open standard protocols facilitate successful data exchange between devices from different vendors, enhancing competition and innovation.
All devices must conform to specific addressing protocols to ensure proper communication and data exchange in networks.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the physical layer of the OSI model with this quiz. Understand its key functions, including how it encodes frames and transfers data across various media. Perfect for students learning about network architecture.