20 Questions
Which organization developed the Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model)?
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
How many abstraction layers are there in the OSI reference model?
Seven
Which layer in the OSI model is responsible for transmitting bits across a communications medium?
Physical Layer
What was the Internet protocol suite developed contemporarily to the OSI model?
TCP/IP
Which organization primarily funded the development of the Internet protocol suite?
U.S. Department of Defense
In the OSI reference model, which layer serves the highest-level representation of data of a distributed application?
Application Layer
According to the text, what is the OSI model used for?
Teaching and documentation purposes
Which entity do communication protocols enable to interact with a corresponding entity at the same layer in another host?
Layer N
What is responsible for the transmission and reception of unstructured raw data between a device and a physical transmission medium?
Layer 1: Physical layer
Which ISO/IEC document defines the Basic Model of the OSI model?
ISO/IEC 7498-1
What do two entities at the communicating devices exchange by means of a layer N protocol?
Protocol data units (PDUs)
At which layer is the data transmitted to the receiving device composed into a protocol data unit (PDU)?
Layer N
What does the physical layer convert digital bits into?
Electrical, radio, or optical signals
Which layer is responsible for the timing of voltage levels and characteristics such as voltage levels?
Layer 1: Physical layer
Who developed the OSI reference model?
Hubert Zimmermann
How many layers does the OSI model have?
Seven
What was the result of the industry effort to provide multi-vendor interoperability?
Widespread use of TCP/IP
Which networking system influenced the development of the OSI model?
ARPANET
Where are the OSI standards documents available from?
ITU-T and ISO
What does the OSI model focus on?
Software layers of communication
Study Notes
- The OSI reference model, developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), is a widely-used framework for understanding and teaching networking concepts in the field of information technology.
- The development of the OSI model began in the late 1970s in response to the need for standardizing networking methods.
- The model was first defined in raw form in 1978 by French software engineer Hubert Zimmermann, and was published as a standard in 1980.
- The OSI model is a seven-layer model that focuses on the software layers of communication.
- The model allows for transparent communication between parties through peer-to-peer networking.
- The OSI model failed to gain widespread use in the design of the Internet, which instead used the less prescriptive Internet Protocol Suite.
- The OSI model was a major advance in the standardization of network concepts, promoting the idea of a consistent model of protocol layers and interoperability between network devices and software.
- The model was the result of an industry effort to provide multi-vendor interoperability, but was eventually overshadowed by the widespread use of TCP/IP in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
- The OSI model had two major components: an abstract model of networking and a set of specific protocols.
- The OSI standards documents are available from the ITU-T as the X.200 series of recommendations and from ISO.
- The development of the OSI model was influenced by various networking systems, including the NPL network, ARPANET, CYCLADES, EIN, and the International Networking Working Group (IFIP WG6.1).
Test your knowledge of the Open Systems Interconnection model with this quiz. Explore the seven layers of the OSI reference model and assess your understanding of data flow and communication between systems.
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