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Questions and Answers
What are the seven layers of the OSI Model?
What are the seven layers of the OSI Model?
Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application
Which layers of the OSI Model are responsible for media, packets, and routing?
Which layers of the OSI Model are responsible for media, packets, and routing?
TCP/IP Protocol corresponds directly to the seven layers of the OSI Model.
TCP/IP Protocol corresponds directly to the seven layers of the OSI Model.
False
Physical network topology where devices are connected in a circular configuration is called a ________.
Physical network topology where devices are connected in a circular configuration is called a ________.
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Match the IP address type with its description:
Match the IP address type with its description:
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What is the purpose of STP (Spanning Tree Protocol)?
What is the purpose of STP (Spanning Tree Protocol)?
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Which wireless networking standard is often referred to as Wi-Fi?
Which wireless networking standard is often referred to as Wi-Fi?
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Name the two transport layer protocols mentioned in the content.
Name the two transport layer protocols mentioned in the content.
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What is the primary purpose of IPv6?
What is the primary purpose of IPv6?
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STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is used to prevent loops in Ethernet networks.
STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is used to prevent loops in Ethernet networks.
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What is the function of the transport layer in the OSI model?
What is the function of the transport layer in the OSI model?
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The _________ address is used to uniquely identify a device on a network.
The _________ address is used to uniquely identify a device on a network.
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Study Notes
OSI Model
- 7 layers: Physical (1), Data Link (2), Network (3), Transport (4), Session (5), Presentation (6), Application (7)
- Each layer communicates with its peer layer on other devices through a standardized interface
- Layers 1-3: Media, packets, and routing
- Layers 4-7: Data, segments, and user interface
TCP/IP Protocol
- 4-layer model: Network Access (1-2), Internet (3), Transport (4), Application (5-7)
- Corresponds to OSI layers: 1-2, 3, 4, 5-7
- TCP/IP is the protocol suite used on the internet
Network Topologies
- Physical:
- Bus: Single cable connecting all devices
- Star: Central device connecting multiple devices
- Ring: Devices connected in a circular configuration
- Mesh: Each device connected to every other device
- Logical:
- Point-to-Point: Two devices connected directly
- Point-to-Multipoint: One device connected to multiple devices
Switching Fundamentals
- Switching: Forwarding data between devices on a network
- Switch types:
- Unmanaged: Simple, plug-and-play devices
- Managed: Configurable, with advanced features
- Layer 2: Forwarding based on MAC addresses
- Layer 3: Forwarding based on IP addresses
IPv4
- 32-bit address: 4 octets (8-bit) separated by dots
- Address types:
- Unicast: One device
- Multicast: Multiple devices
- Broadcast: All devices on a network
- IPv4 address exhaustion: Limited address space, leading to the development of IPv6
IPv6
- 128-bit address: 8 groups of 4 hexadecimal digits separated by colons
- Address types:
- Unicast: One device
- Multicast: Multiple devices
- Anycast: Multiple devices, with the closest one responding
- Features:
- Larger address space
- Improved security
- Simplified header format
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
- Prevents network loops and broadcast storms
- Elects a root bridge and calculates the shortest path to it
- Blocks or forwards traffic based on the calculated path
Wireless LAN (WLAN)
- Wireless networking: Devices connect using radio waves
- WLAN standards:
- IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi)
- IEEE 802.15 (Bluetooth)
- IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX)
- WLAN components:
- Access Point (AP): Connects to a wired network
- Station (STA): Wireless device connecting to the AP
Transport Layer
- Responsible for data segmentation and reassembly
- Protocols:
- TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Reliable, connection-oriented
- UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Best-effort, connectionless
- Features:
- Multiplexing: Multiple sessions over a single connection
- Windowing: Flow control and error detection
OSI Model
- 7 layers allow for communication between devices through standardized interfaces
- Layers 1-3 focus on media, packets, and routing
- Layers 4-7 focus on data, segments, and user interface
TCP/IP Protocol
- 4-layer model aligns with OSI layers 1-2, 3, 4, and 5-7
- TCP/IP is the primary protocol suite used on the internet
Network Topologies
Physical Topologies
- Bus: single cable connects all devices
- Star: central device connects multiple devices
- Ring: devices connected in a circular configuration
- Mesh: each device connected to every other device
Logical Topologies
- Point-to-Point: two devices connected directly
- Point-to-Multipoint: one device connected to multiple devices
Switching Fundamentals
- Switching: forwarding data between devices on a network
- Unmanaged switches: simple, plug-and-play devices
- Managed switches: configurable, with advanced features
- Layer 2 switches: forward based on MAC addresses
- Layer 3 switches: forward based on IP addresses
IPv4
- 32-bit address: 4 octets separated by dots
- Unicast addresses: one device
- Multicast addresses: multiple devices
- Broadcast addresses: all devices on a network
- IPv4 address exhaustion led to the development of IPv6
IPv6
- 128-bit address: 8 groups of 4 hexadecimal digits separated by colons
- Unicast addresses: one device
- Multicast addresses: multiple devices
- Anycast addresses: multiple devices, with the closest one responding
- Features: larger address space, improved security, and simplified header format
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
- Prevents network loops and broadcast storms
- Elects a root bridge and calculates the shortest path to it
- Blocks or forwards traffic based on the calculated path
Wireless LAN (WLAN)
- Wireless networking: devices connect using radio waves
- WLAN standards: IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.15 (Bluetooth), and IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX)
- Access Point (AP): connects to a wired network
- Station (STA): wireless device connecting to the AP
Transport Layer
- Responsible for data segmentation and reassembly
- TCP: reliable, connection-oriented protocol
- UDP: best-effort, connectionless protocol
- Multiplexing: multiple sessions over a single connection
- Windowing: flow control and error detection
OSI Model
- The OSI model consists of 7 layers, which are: Physical (1), Data Link (2), Network (3), Transport (4), Session (5), Presentation (6), and Application (7)
- Each layer communicates with its peer layer on other devices through a standardized interface
- The lower layers (1-3) focus on media, packets, and routing, while the upper layers (4-7) focus on data, segments, and user interface
TCP/IP Protocol
- The TCP/IP protocol is a 4-layer model, which consists of Network Access (1-2), Internet (3), Transport (4), and Application (5-7)
- TCP/IP corresponds to the OSI layers 1-2, 3, 4, and 5-7
- TCP/IP is the protocol suite used on the internet
Network Topologies
- Physical network topologies include:
- Bus: A single cable connecting all devices
- Star: A central device connecting multiple devices
- Ring: Devices connected in a circular configuration
- Mesh: Each device connected to every other device
- Logical network topologies include:
- Point-to-Point: Two devices connected directly
- Point-to-Multipoint: One device connected to multiple devices
Switching Fundamentals
- Switching is the process of forwarding data between devices on a network
- Switch types include:
- Unmanaged: Simple, plug-and-play devices
- Managed: Configurable, with advanced features
- Layer 2: Forwarding based on MAC addresses
- Layer 3: Forwarding based on IP addresses
IPv4
- IPv4 addresses are 32-bit, consisting of 4 octets (8-bit) separated by dots
- IPv4 address types include:
- Unicast: One device
- Multicast: Multiple devices
- Broadcast: All devices on a network
- IPv4 has a limited address space, leading to the development of IPv6
IPv6
- IPv6 addresses are 128-bit, consisting of 8 groups of 4 hexadecimal digits separated by colons
- IPv6 address types include:
- Unicast: One device
- Multicast: Multiple devices
- Anycast: Multiple devices, with the closest one responding
- IPv6 features include:
- Larger address space
- Improved security
- Simplified header format
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
- STP prevents network loops and broadcast storms by electing a root bridge and calculating the shortest path to it
- STP blocks or forwards traffic based on the calculated path
Wireless LAN (WLAN)
- WLAN is a wireless networking technology, where devices connect using radio waves
- WLAN standards include:
- IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi)
- IEEE 802.15 (Bluetooth)
- IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX)
- WLAN components include:
- Access Point (AP): Connects to a wired network
- Station (STA): Wireless device connecting to the AP
Transport Layer
- The transport layer is responsible for data segmentation and reassembly
- Protocols used in the transport layer include:
- TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Reliable, connection-oriented
- UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Best-effort, connectionless
- Features of the transport layer include:
- Multiplexing: Multiple sessions over a single connection
- Windowing: Flow control and error detection
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Description
Learn about the 7 layers of the OSI model and how they communicate with each other, as well as the 4-layer TCP/IP protocol and its correspondence to the OSI layers.
