Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following presents the correct ordering, from first to last, of the layers in the OSI model?
Which of the following presents the correct ordering, from first to last, of the layers in the OSI model?
- Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application (correct)
- Application, Session, Transport, Presentation, Network, Data Link, Physical
- Physical, Data Link, Network, Session, Transport, Presentation, Application
- Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, Physical
In the context of TCP/IP communication, what is the primary function of the 'three-way handshake'?
In the context of TCP/IP communication, what is the primary function of the 'three-way handshake'?
- To establish a reliable connection between two hosts before data transfer. (correct)
- To terminate a connection between two hosts.
- To ensure data packets are received in the order they were sent.
- To encrypt the data being transmitted between two hosts.
While browsing a website, you notice the URL begins with "https://". Which layer of the OSI model is MOST directly involved in establishing the secure connection?
While browsing a website, you notice the URL begins with "https://". Which layer of the OSI model is MOST directly involved in establishing the secure connection?
- Application Layer
- Presentation Layer (correct)
- Session Layer
- Transport Layer
Which of the following scenarios would MOST likely require the use of a crossover cable, according to TIA/EIA-568 standards?
Which of the following scenarios would MOST likely require the use of a crossover cable, according to TIA/EIA-568 standards?
What role does the Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer play within the Data Link Layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model?
What role does the Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer play within the Data Link Layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model?
How do Load Balancers enhance network performance and reliability?
How do Load Balancers enhance network performance and reliability?
What is the primary function of the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) in a network?
What is the primary function of the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) in a network?
What is the significance of the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) in network communication?
What is the significance of the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) in network communication?
Which of the following protocols does not provide a mechanism for secure file transfer?
Which of the following protocols does not provide a mechanism for secure file transfer?
What distinguishes TCP from UDP at the Transport Layer?
What distinguishes TCP from UDP at the Transport Layer?
Flashcards
OSI Model
OSI Model
A conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven abstraction layers.
TCP/IP Model
TCP/IP Model
A suite of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the internet.
Layer 1 (Physical Layer)
Layer 1 (Physical Layer)
Transmission of data using physical cables, connectors and physical topology.
Layer 2 (Data Link Layer)
Layer 2 (Data Link Layer)
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Layer 3 (Network Layer)
Layer 3 (Network Layer)
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Layer 4 (Transport Layer)
Layer 4 (Transport Layer)
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Layer 6 (Presentation Layer)
Layer 6 (Presentation Layer)
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Layer 7 (Application Layer)
Layer 7 (Application Layer)
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ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
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Encapsulation
Encapsulation
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Study Notes
- Comprehensive questions should assess the understanding of the provided content, explicitly incorporating every technical term and concept.
OSI and TCP Models
- Questions should explain the OSI model and its purpose.
- Questions should compare and contrast the OSI layers (Layers 1-7), covering specific data types (Bits, Frames, Packets, Segments, Data) and the TCP model transport aspects.
Layer Details
- Layer 1 (Physical): Questions should describe data transmission's physical characteristics, including TIA/EIA-568A & TIA/EIA-568B (crossover and straight-through cables), physical topology, and near field communication.
- Questions should evaluate the role of infrastructure devices like hubs, access points, and media converters.
- Layer 2 (Data Link): Questions should discuss the formation of frames from bits, the role of Logical Link Control (LLC), isochronous mode, and components like NICs and bridges.
- Layer 3 (Network): Even if data names are contextual, questions should cover how packets are handled in networking.
- Layer 4 (Transport): Questions should cover functions of TCP (e.g., segments, the three-way handshake with SYN, ACK, FIN, RST, PSH, URG, window size, TCP checksum, urgent pointer, and mTCP) versus UDP (e.g., connectionless datagrams, source port, destination port, length, checksum), and their usage scenarios.
- Layer 6 (Presentation): Questions should query on data formatting, the role of encryption (including TLS, encryption algorithms), and the function of scripting languages like HTML, XML, PHP, and JavaScript.
- Questions should include standard text formats (ASCII, Unicode, EBCDIC) and multimedia formats (GIF, JPEG, TIFF, SVG, PNG, MP4, MPEG, MOV).
- Layer 7 (Application): Questions should examine the understanding of application services like file transfer (FTP, FTPS, SFTP), web browsing (HTTP, HTTPS), remote access (Telnet), email (POP3, IMAP, SMTP), DNS, file sharing, and the concept of encapsulation and decapsulation.
Integrated Protocols and Concepts
- Questions should cover the purpose and functionality of protocols like ICMP (with PING and traceroute), plus Ethernet header details (MAC addresses, payload sizes, Maximum Transmission Unit) and the multi-layer encapsulation process.
- Questions should ask about the role and function of load balancers, firewalls, and how error messages and operational information are communicated.
Question Formats
The Look-Alike Set of Options
- All options look very similar, which may confuse the test takers.
- Example: The highest correlation of IQ scores between family members has been found for: A. identical twins reared apart, B. identical twins reared together, C. fraternal twins reared together, D. fraternal twins reared apart.
The Negative Option
- Look for the wrong answers instead of looking for the matching answers.
- These questions often use the words: not, except, never.
- Example: Anxiety disorders are characterized by all of these symptoms except A. panic attacks, B. free-floating anxiety, C. a split between affect and cognition, D. inconvenience in living.
Multi-Select Multiple-Choice
- These questions asks for the test takers to select all that apply.
- Example: What types of credit cards do you have (Select all that apply)? Visa, Mastercard, American Express, Discover, Diners Club
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