OSHA Overview and Responsibilities
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Questions and Answers

Which aspect is NOT a problem associated with using injury/illness rates?

  • Indication of the severity of events (correct)
  • Events being a matter-of-chance
  • Underreporting of incidents
  • Lagging indicators reflecting negative attributes

Which of the following acronyms should health and safety goals and objectives adhere to?

  • SMART (correct)
  • CLEAR
  • BRIEF
  • FOCUS

What is a critical method for identifying training needs in health and safety program audits?

  • Hazard analysis
  • Document review/verification
  • Site conditions assessment
  • Employee interviews (correct)

What dimension is NOT considered as part of the measurement system for health and safety performance?

<p>Financial impact (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which key element is essential for the effectiveness of a health and safety program?

<p>Employee involvement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the OSHA recordkeeping system?

<p>To collect and analyze uniform data on occupational injuries and illnesses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes recordable cases under OSHA regulations?

<p>Recordable cases do not necessarily qualify for workers' compensation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must employers do concerning work-related fatalities?

<p>Report them to OSHA within 8 hours of discovery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is an injury or illness considered work-related according to OSHA?

<p>If an event or exposure in the work environment aggravated a pre-existing condition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true regarding the retention of OSHA 300/300A/301 forms?

<p>They must be retained for 5 years from the last entry date (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes restricted work according to OSHA guidelines?

<p>An employee is restricted from performing one or more routine job functions due to a work-related injury (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the OSHA 300 Log for employers?

<p>It is a record of work-related injuries and illnesses required by OSHA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum tracking period for calendar days away from work due to a recordable case?

<p>180 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is tuberculosis classified on the OSHA 300 Log?

<p>As a respiratory condition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of benchmarking for companies?

<p>To compare key performance metrics against similar companies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of benchmarking involves analyzing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats?

<p>SWOT (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of a business is least influenced by organizational culture?

<p>Market competition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of benchmarking, what does a benchmark report primarily help determine?

<p>Overall health of the business (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Collaborative benchmarking involves which of the following?

<p>Participating in a group to benchmark performance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the practice of peer benchmarking?

<p>Assessing performance against very similar businesses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the benchmarking process within a company?

<p>A research question (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is primarily used to identify potential hazards from single-fault events?

<p>Functional Hazard Analysis (FHA) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'and/or' logic gate represent in its calculations?

<p>P + Q – (P x Q) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which analysis method is informal and evaluates hypothetical situations?

<p>What-if Analysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a Cause & Effect Diagram, what are the 'six Ms' used to identify?

<p>Manpower, Methods, Metrics, Machines, Materials, Minutes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which analysis method begins with an initiating event to explore potential consequences?

<p>Event Tree Analysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA)?

<p>To anticipate hazards in the design phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Management Oversight and Risk Tree (MORT) aim to identify?

<p>Total risk from operational inadequacies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following techniques uses deductive reasoning for analyzing human error rates?

<p>Technique for Human Error Rate Prediction (THERP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary use of HAZOP in the design stage?

<p>To identify deviations from intended design conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What approach does the Ishikawa cause-and-effect diagram utilize to improve quality?

<p>Deductive reasoning through six Ms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition must be met for an injury to be considered recordable by an employer?

<p>The injury must result in loss of consciousness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to OSHA, what elements define an organization’s culture?

<p>Attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and shared characteristics. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary factor affecting management commitment to safety?

<p>Recognizing the long-term benefits derived from safety efforts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a safety objective?

<p>Increase submissions of safety suggestions to at least 15 by July 31st. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a reinforcer in workplace safety behavior?

<p>Peer recognition for safe behavior. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common benefit of developing a strong safety culture in an organization?

<p>Improved productivity and low absenteeism. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a criterion for a recordable injury?

<p>Voluntary safety training attendance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a punisher in terms of workplace behavior?

<p>It decreases the likelihood of a behavior occurring again. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which safety goal properly exemplifies a general ambition?

<p>Create a safety awareness campaign for employees. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a strong safety culture impact at-risk behaviors in a company?

<p>It leads to a decrease in at-risk behaviors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Benchmarking

The practice of a business comparing key metrics of their operations to other similar companies.

Benchmark report

A report summarizing the health of a business, often used for comparison.

Best practices benchmarking

Looking at companies that excel in a particular area, aiming to learn their best practices and implement them within your own business.

Peer benchmarking

Comparing your business to other similar companies to find opportunities for improvement.

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SWOT benchmarking

A report that analyzes a company's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to understand its competitive landscape.

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Collaborative benchmarking

Benchmarking conducted by a group of companies, which allows for a more collaborative approach and shared insights.

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Organizational culture

The shared values, beliefs, and behaviors of an organization.

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Recordable Case

A work-related injury or illness is categorised as "recordable" if it meets specific criteria, such as resulting in lost workdays, medical treatment, or lost time.

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OSHA Recordkeeping

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) mandates that employers maintain records of workplace injuries and illnesses. These records are crucial for tracking workplace safety trends, identifying hazards, and implementing preventive measures.

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Purpose of OSHA Recordkeeping

OSHA uses data from the recordkeeping system to target inspections, measure performance, develop safety standards, allocate resources, and determine eligibility for the Voluntary Protection Program (VPP).

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Reporting Work-Related Fatalities

Employers must report any work-related fatality to OSHA within 8 hours of discovering it.

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Recordable Hearing Loss

If an employee has a recordable Standard Threshold Shift (STS) for hearing loss, the employer is required to report it on the OSHA 300 Log unless a retest within 30 days confirms that the STS is not recordable.

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OSHA 300 Log

OSHA 300 Log is a log used to record work-related injuries and illnesses. This log must be maintained for each establishment that operates for one year or longer.

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Employee Access to Records

Employees have the right to access OSHA injury and illness records, including the OSHA 300 Log, within certain limitations. Employers must provide a copy of the relevant log within one business day.

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Restricted Work

Restricted work occurs when an employee, due to a work-related injury or illness, is limited in their job duties or is unable to work a full workday.

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Recording Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is recorded on the OSHA 300 Log as a respiratory condition.

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Recordable Injury or Illness

An injury or illness that requires medical attention beyond first aid, results in lost workdays, restricted work duties, or a loss of consciousness.

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Safety Culture

The shared beliefs, behaviors, and values within an organization that influence its safety performance.

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Management Commitment to Safety

Management's consistent and demonstrable commitment to protecting employees from workplace injuries and illnesses.

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Accountability in Safety

The obligation to meet safety standards and be held accountable for actions or inactions.

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Safety Objectives

Specific, measurable actions or targets that guide the organization's safety efforts.

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Reinforcers in Safety

Consequences that increase the frequency of a desired behavior.

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Punishers in Safety

Consequences that decrease the frequency of an undesired behavior.

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Impact of Safety Culture on Accidents

A strong safety culture is the primary driver of accident reduction.

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Benefits of Strong Safety Culture

A strong safety culture is linked to lower accident rates, better employee retention, reduced absenteeism, and improved productivity.

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Construction Safety Management System (CSMS)

A system for managing safety risks and improving safety performance within a company.

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What is the purpose of a health and safety program audit?

A health and safety program audit helps determine if the program is making progress towards its goals and objectives, by identifying hazards and preventing illnesses and injuries.

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What are the three basic methods for conducting a health and safety audit?

Document review, employee interviews, and site conditions are the three main methods used to conduct a comprehensive audit.

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What does it mean if the same hazards are repeatedly found in inspection records?

Repeatedly finding the same hazards in inspection records can indicate a training issue for the inspectors, especially if serious hazards are not being identified.

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Why are employee interviews important in a health and safety audit?

Employee interviews are a valuable tool for assessing the health and safety training and culture within an organization.

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Why is the analysis of site conditions important in a health and safety audit?

Site conditions can identify potential hazards in the workplace, which are often overlooked during routine inspections. They are crucial for preventing future accidents.

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Deductive (backward) analysis

A process that starts with an undesired event and works backward to identify the root causes.

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OR Gate

A type of logic gate that outputs true (1) if at least one of its inputs is true (1), and outputs false (0) only if all inputs are false (0).

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AND Gate

A type of logic gate that outputs true (1) only if all of its inputs are true (1), and outputs false (0) if at least one input is false (0).

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5-Why analysis

A method used to investigate and identify the root causes of an undesired event by repeatedly asking "Why?" to understand contributing factors.

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Fault Hazard Analysis (FHA)

A system safety analysis method that focuses on identifying potential hazards arising from single-fault events within a system.

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Technique for Human Error Rate Prediction (THERP)

A technique used to predict the likelihood of human errors occurring during specific tasks within a system.

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What-if analysis

A brainstorming technique for identifying potential hazards and their consequences by asking "What if..." questions.

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Management Oversight and Risk Tree (MORT)

A comprehensive safety analysis method that utilizes a logic tree to identify the total risk associated with a system, including operational and management inefficiencies.

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Systems Hazard Analysis (SHA)

A type of safety analysis that focuses on identifying incompatibilities between interconnected components of a system, potentially causing hazards.

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Critical Incident Techniques (CIT)

A technique for collecting data on accidents, near misses, and hazardous conditions by interviewing individuals involved.

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Study Notes

OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)

  • OSHA was created within the Department of Labor
  • Primary responsibilities include:
    • Encouraging employers and employees to reduce workplace hazards and improve safety standards.
    • Researching occupational safety and health issues.
    • Establishing separate, but dependent, responsibilities and rights for employers and employees to improve safety.
    • Maintaining records of workplace injuries and illnesses, including training for competent personnel.
    • Developing mandatory safety and health standards and enforcing them.
  • OSHA covers all private sector employers with one or more workers in all 50 states and US territories.
  • OSHA regulations do not apply to:
    • Public sector employers (municipal, county, state, or federal government agencies)
    • Self-employed individuals
    • Family members operating a farm
    • Domestic household workers
  • OSHA rule 5-3 establishes the requirement for a warrant to enter a workplace for inspection.

Horizontal and Vertical Standards

  • Horizontal standards are general standards that apply to all industries (e.g., fire prevention/protection)
  • Vertical standards apply to specific industries (e.g., construction safety)

Employer Rights and Responsibilities

  • Employers have the right to examine workplace conditions for compliance with standards.
  • They are responsible for minimizing hazards, using proper warnings (colors, posters, labels), providing training, and maintaining required records.
  • Employers must provide access to employee medical records.

Employee Rights and Responsibilities

  • Employees must read the OSHA poster.
  • They are responsible for following employer safety rules, wearing required gear, and reporting hazardous conditions.

OSHA Inspections and Process

  • Employers must be informed of the reason for OSHA inspections.
  • Workers must be accompanied by the compliance officer during the inspection.
  • OSHA officers must maintain confidentiality of trade secrets.

OSHA Citation Penalties

  • Penalties vary depending on the type of violation (serious, other-than-serious, posting requirements, failure to abate, willful or repeated)
  • Serious violations lead to penalties ranging from $1500 to $7000
  • Willful violations carry even larger penalties (up to $250,000 for corporations).

OSHA Recordkeeping

  • Employers must keep records of fatalities, injuries, and illnesses related to work.
  • There are specified deadlines for posting and retaining citations.

Other Topics

  • Contingency theory: no one best way to organize, lead or make decisions.
  • Systems theory: interdisciplinary framework for understanding how objects interact
  • Heinrich's domino theory: a personal injury results only when a hazard exists, through the fault of a person, machine or the environment
  • Energy theory: accidents involve the transfer of energy
  • Multiple Factor Theories: The 4 Ms, (man, machine, media, management)
  • Management theories: Likert's four systems of management (exploitative-authoritative, benevolent-authoritative, consultative, and participative) and McGregor's Theory X and Y
  • Management by Objectives
  • Strategic change management (John Kotter's Change Model and Kurt Lewin's Change Model)
  • Safety case approach
  • Risk summation method
  • Gap analysis (SMART goals)
  • Business continuity plan/Disaster recovery plan
  • OSHA Document Retention requirements (timeframes)

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OSHA Regulations and Responsibilities - PDF

Description

This quiz explores the origins, responsibilities, and scope of OSHA, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Learn about the agency's role in promoting workplace safety, its regulations, and the specific sectors it covers. Test your knowledge of how OSHA impacts employers and employees across the United States.

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