OSHA Industrial Hygiene Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What are the four types of industrial hazards? (Select all that apply)

  • Ergonomic (correct)
  • Biological (correct)
  • Chemicals (correct)
  • Physical (correct)

What do chemical hazards include?

Solids, liquids, gases and vapors, and aerosols.

What do biological hazards include?

Insects, animals, soil, plants, water, and blood.

What do physical hazards include?

<p>Noise exposure, extreme temperature, impact or vibration, radiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do ergonomic hazards include?

<p>Lifting, holding, pushing, walking, and reaching.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can chemicals enter your body?

<p>Inhalation, skin and eyes, ingestion, injection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of chemical exposure symptoms?

<p>Eye, nose, throat, and skin irritation, flu-like symptoms, difficulty breathing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best way to control chemical hazards?

<p>Eliminate them if possible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are administrative controls of chemical hazards?

<p>Training, inspection, housekeeping, and so on.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if engineering and administrative controls are not sufficient?

<p>Wear personal protective equipment (PPE).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when critical effects are 'systematic'?

<p>Where your entire body is affected beyond just the site of exposure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of biological hazards?

<p>They can range from mild annoyances to life-threatening events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are common health effects of extreme cold?

<p>Frostbite or hypothermia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should you protect yourself from extreme cold?

<p>Use heaters, work in warm spaces, layer clothing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are common health effects of extreme heat?

<p>Dizziness, nausea, rash, heat exposure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should you protect yourself from extreme heat?

<p>Drink water, take breaks, use air conditioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of noise exposure?

<p>Short-term or long-term exposure to loud noises.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the noise exposure limit set by OSHA?

<p>85 decibels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long may you be exposed to 85 decibels according to OSHA?

<p>No longer than 8 hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of prolonged noise exposure?

<p>Hearing loss and other health effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best way to protect against noise exposure?

<p>Wear proper ear protection and limit time in noisy areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are ergonomics?

<p>The study of physical tasks such as lifting and reaching.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What creates ergonomic hazards?

<p>Repeated tasks, high speeds, poorly designed tools.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the hazards of poor ergonomics?

<p>Musculoskeletal disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are musculoskeletal disorders?

<p>Injury of muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of awkward or prolonged posture?

<p>Prolonged reaching, kneeling, squatting, twisting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of localized pressure on body parts?

<p>Pressing against hard or sharp edges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Your employer has implemented a weekly housekeeping checklist to minimize hazardous dust release. What kind of chemical control is this considered?

<p>Administrative Controls (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To avoid spreading biological hazards, which items must be refreshed before the next patient can use the room?

<p>A paper line on exam table (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lorena is a farm hand. What physical hazards should she be aware of? (Select all that apply)

<p>Vibration (B), Heat (C), Noise (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

While taking out the kitchen trash, which of the following poses a biological hazard?

<p>A rat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Chemical Hazards

Solids, liquids, gases, vapors, and aerosols that pose a risk to health.

Biological Hazards

Living organisms like insects, animals, plants, and microorganisms that can cause harm.

Physical Hazards

Factors in the work environment such as noise, extreme temperatures, vibrations, and radiation.

Ergonomic Hazards

Activities like lifting, reaching, and repetitive movements that can lead to injuries.

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Routes of Entry

The process by which chemicals enter the body, including inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, and injection.

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Chemical Exposure Symptoms

Symptoms like eye, nose, and throat irritation, breathing difficulties, fatigue, and loss of coordination.

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Hazard Elimination

The most effective way to manage chemical risks, aiming to completely remove the hazard from the workplace.

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Administrative Controls

Actions like training, inspections, and clean work areas to minimize exposure to chemicals.

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Protective equipment worn to minimize exposure to chemicals when engineering and administrative controls are insufficient.

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Systematic Effects

Effects of chemical exposure that affect the entire body, not just the area of contact.

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Effects of Biological Hazards

Range from mild irritations like allergic reactions to severe life-threatening conditions.

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Identifying Biological Hazards

The ability to recognize potential biological hazards in various environments.

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Extreme Cold Hazards

Conditions caused by exposure to extremely low temperatures, including frostbite and hypothermia.

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Protection from Extreme Cold

Strategies to protect against extreme cold, such as wearing layered clothing, using heaters, and having a buddy system.

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Extreme Heat Hazards

Conditions caused by exposure to extremely high temperatures, including heat exhaustion, heat stroke, and skin rashes.

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Protection from Extreme Heat

Measures to protect against extreme heat, such as staying hydrated, taking breaks, and using cooling methods like air conditioning and reflective shields.

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Noise Exposure

Exposure to loud sounds from machinery or other sources for short or long periods.

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OSHA Noise Exposure Limit

The limit set by OSHA for safe exposure to noise, allowing a maximum of 8 hours at 85 decibels.

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Effects of Noise Exposure

Potential consequences of prolonged exposure to loud noise, such as hearing loss and other health issues.

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Protection from Noise Exposure

Strategies to protect against noise exposure, such as using ear protection and seeking quiet areas.

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Ergonomics

The study of how work tasks affect the human body, especially focusing on factors like lifting and reaching.

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Causes of Ergonomic Hazards

Factors that contribute to ergonomic hazards, including repetitive tasks, high-speed activities, and poorly designed tools.

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Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs)

Injuries to muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints caused by strenuous work activities.

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Awkward Postures

Body positions that put stress on muscles and joints, such as reaching above shoulder height, kneeling, and leaning.

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Localized Pressure Hazards

Risks associated with pressing against hard edges or using body parts in inappropriate ways, such as using a hand as a hammer.

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Administrative Control Example

Procedures like regular housekeeping and cleaning to minimize hazard exposure.

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Biological Hazard Prevention

Measures to prevent biological hazards in environments like healthcare settings, such as refreshing examination room surfaces.

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Awareness of Physical Hazards

Recognizing and mitigating physical hazards in specific work environments, such as farms.

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Engineering Controls

The use of engineering controls to prevent biological hazards by replacing a hazard with a safer method, like transporting trash safely.

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Study Notes

Types of Industrial Hazards

  • Four main types: Chemical, Biological, Physical, and Ergonomic.

Chemical Hazards

  • Encompass solids, liquids, gases, vapors, and aerosols.

Biological Hazards

  • Include insects, animals, soil, plants, water, and blood.

Physical Hazards

  • Comprised of Noise Exposure, Extreme Temperature, Impact or Vibration, and Radiation.

Ergonomic Hazards

  • Associated with activities like lifting, holding, pushing, walking, and reaching.

Routes of Chemical Entry into the Body

  • Inhalation: Breathing in dust, mists, fumes, or gases.
  • Ingestion: Accidentally swallowing through eating or drinking.
  • Skin and Eyes: Direct contact.
  • Injection: Through punctures or cuts.

Symptoms of Chemical Exposure

  • Effects include irritation of eyes, nose, throat, skin, flu-like symptoms, breathing difficulties, fatigue, and loss of coordination.

Controlling Chemical Hazards

  • The best control method is to eliminate hazards whenever possible.

Administrative Controls for Chemical Hazards

  • Training, inspections, and proper housekeeping can limit exposure.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

  • Required when engineering and administrative controls are insufficient.

Systematic Effects of Exposure

  • Systematic effects imply that the entire body is affected, not just the exposed area.

Effects of Biological Hazards

  • Range from mild irritations like allergic reactions to severe life-threatening conditions.

Potential Biological Hazards

  • Plants like poison ivy may be present in yards.
  • Bugs around trees can pose risks.
  • Ant hills should be avoided to prevent bites.

Health Effects of Extreme Temperatures

  • Extreme cold can lead to frostbite and hypothermia.
  • Extreme heat can cause dizziness, nausea, and rashes after prolonged exposure.

Protection from Extreme Cold

  • Use heaters, provide warm spaces, and have a buddy system.
  • Wear layered clothing, gloves, hats, and insulated waterproof boots.

Protection from Extreme Heat

  • Stay hydrated, take frequent breaks, and use cooling methods like air conditioning and reflective shields.

Noise Exposure

  • Results from short-term or long-term exposure to loud noises from machinery.
  • OSHA sets the noise exposure limit at 85 decibels for a maximum of 8 hours.

Effects of Prolonged Noise Exposure

  • Risks include hearing loss and other negative health impacts.

Protection from Noise Exposure

  • Use proper ear protection and seek quiet areas during breaks.

Ergonomics

  • The study of physical tasks and their impact on the body, including the execution of lifting and reaching.

Causes of Ergonomic Hazards

  • Arise from repetitive tasks, high-speed physical activities, and poorly designed tools.

Hazards of Poor Ergonomics

  • Can lead to musculoskeletal disorders.

Understanding Musculoskeletal Disorders

  • Injuries affecting muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints due to strenuous work tasks.

Examples of Awkward Postures

  • Activities like reaching above shoulder height, kneeling, and leaning can stress the body.

Localized Pressure Hazards

  • Includes pressing against hard edges or using body parts inappropriately, like a hand as a hammer.

Administrative Control Example

  • Weekly housekeeping checklists help minimize hazardous dust exposure.

Biological Hazard Prevention

  • Refreshing exam room items like a paper line on the table is crucial post-examination.

Awareness of Physical Hazards

  • Farm workers like Lorena should recognize hazards such as heat, vibration, and noise.

Identifying Biological Hazards

  • In specific situations, like transporting trash, watch for biological threats like rodents.

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Test your knowledge of industrial hygiene with these flashcards focused on OSHA standards. Explore the four types of industrial hazards including chemical, biological, physical, and ergonomic hazards. Perfect for students and professionals in the field of occupational safety.

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