Oscilloscope Features Overview
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Oscilloscope Features Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of calling digitalWrite(pin_LED1, LED_state1)?

  • To change the state of LED1 based on LED_state1 (correct)
  • To set the pin mode for LED1
  • To initialize the LED1 state
  • To read the state of LED1

    • What will happen to LED_state1 after executing LED_state1 = !LED_state1?

  • It will always be true
  • It will turn off the LED permanently
  • It will toggle between true and false based on its current state (correct)
  • It will remain the same as before

    • Why is there a delay of 100 milliseconds after reading the button state?

  • To turn off the LEDs temporarily
  • To make the LED blink slower
  • To provide enough time for the microcontroller to process commands
  • To ensure the button state is stable and prevent multiple triggers (correct)

    • What does the line if (time_current - time_previous >= 1000) check for?

    <p>To determine if 1 second has passed since the last blink of LED1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the button connected to pin_button is pressed?

    <p>LED_state2 toggles, changing the state of LED2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the output frequency set for the function generator in the preparation steps?

    <p>1 kHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the vertical sensitivity setting be adjusted in step 8 of the vertical sensitivity measurement?

    <p>2 V/div</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does changing the horizontal sensitivity from 0.2 ms/div to 0.5 ms/div have on the waveform?

    <p>The waveform becomes less detailed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the peak-to-peak voltage measured with a vertical sensitivity of 2 V/div?

    <p>4 V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a frequency of 1 kHz, how many divisions are needed to display one cycle at a horizontal sensitivity of 1 ms/div?

    <p>25 divisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required horizontal sensitivity to view one cycle of a 1 kHz waveform across 10 divisions?

    <p>0.5 ms/div</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When changing the vertical sensitivity from 2 V/div to 0.5 V/div, what should be the expected change in the waveform appearance?

    <p>The waveform appears to be stretched vertically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the measurement of the 5 kHz 6 Vpp sine wave, what setting must be ensured for the oscilloscope?

    <p>The vertical sensitivity must be set to accommodate 6 Vpp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At 100 kHz with a 4 Vpp square wave, what is the essential adjustment to make on the oscilloscope?

    <p>Adjust the vertical sensitivity to accommodate the 4 Vpp output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the frequency of a waveform measured with an oscilloscope?

    <p>The total time taken for the waveform to complete one cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is adjusted to view voltage changes over specified time intervals on an oscilloscope?

    <p>Time base control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct calculation for peak voltage (Vp) if the voltage per division is set to 100 mV and the waveform spans 4 divisions?

    <p>400 mV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of signal can a function generator produce?

    <p>Square waves and triangular waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the root mean square (RMS) value defined mathematically for a varying voltage signal?

    <p>1/T * ∫ V(t) dt from t0 to T</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which setting on the oscilloscope directly impacts how voltage values are displayed on the vertical axis?

    <p>Vertical sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the peak-to-peak voltage (Vpp) represent on an oscilloscope?

    <p>The difference between the maximum and minimum voltage values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When measuring with an oscilloscope, what must be adjusted to obtain an accurate reading of a periodic waveform?

    <p>Both vertical and horizontal scales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does increasing the display intensity on an oscilloscope affect the visual representation of a signal?

    <p>It increases visibility of the waveform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function must an oscilloscope perform to set the measurement mode accurately?

    <p>Selecting measurement function switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the map() function in this sketch?

    <p>To map a number from one range to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the LED to change its state in the loop function?

    <p>The elapsed time exceeds the interval.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the interval variable updated in the sketch?

    <p>It is mapped based on the analog reading from the potentiometer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial value of LED_state in the setup function?

    <p>false</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the variable adc represent in the loop function?

    <p>The analog reading from pin A0.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What range does the map() function convert the ADC value from in this sketch?

    <p>0 to 1023</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will happen if the potentiometer is turned to the maximum value?

    <p>The interval will reach its maximum value of 1500 ms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pin is defined for the LED connection in the provided sketch?

    <p>13</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to calculate the percentage error between the calculated and measured values?

    <p>% Error = ( \frac{V_A - V_M}{V_A} \times 100% )</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a circuit, which pin mode should be set for a button that requires input reading?

    <p>INPUT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often does the loop function check the elapsed time when using the millis function?

    <p>Continuously in a tight loop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the execution of the delay function in a microcontroller setup?

    <p>The program completely halts and does not perform any tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the digitalWrite function in controlling an LED?

    <p>It sets the LED pin to a high or low state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of a waveform generator, what does Vpp stand for?

    <p>Voltage peak to peak</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of waveform is used when the setup specifies 100kHz, 4Vpp?

    <p>Square wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function allows for non-blocking delays in an Arduino sketch?

    <p>millis()</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of using a digital multimeter in conjunction with the function generator?

    <p>To measure the effective value of the output signal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of periodic processing, which method would allow for immediate response to a button press?

    <p>Using millis() function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intended outcome of connecting a variable resistor in a periodic control sketch?

    <p>To adjust the delay times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pinMode function in Arduino programming?

    <p>To set the operation mode of a pin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an effect of using the delay function extensively in an Arduino sketch?

    <p>Lowering power consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Oscilloscope

    • Measures voltage changes over a specific time interval
    • Displays signal changes as a repeating waveform

    Oscilloscope Features

    • X-axis
      • Displays time per division (sec/div)
      • Waveform period = (sec/div) * number of divisions
      • Frequency = 1 / period
    • Y-axis
      • Displays voltage per division (V/div)
      • Voltage = (V/div) * number of divisions
      • Vp: Peak voltage, Vpp : Peak-to-peak voltage
    • Waveform Display
      • 𝐹(𝑡) = 𝐴 ⋅ sin 𝜔𝑡 + 𝜃 = 𝐴 ⋅ sin(2𝜋𝑓𝑡 + 𝜃)
        • A: Amplitude (V), f: Frequency (Hz), 𝜃: Phase (rad)
    • Other Features

      • High input impedance, providing more accurate readings than a multimeter

      • Requires practice to use effectively

      • Different models have similar functionalities

      • RMS (Root Mean Square) value of a sinusoidal waveform:

                                               𝑡0 +𝑇            𝑉𝑝
                               1           2
                   𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 =      ⋅න       𝑉 (𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 =
                               𝑇 𝑡0                   2

    Function Generator

    • Generates various types of waveforms and outputs them as voltage
    • Outputs: Sine wave, Square wave, Triangle wave
    • Adjusts output amplitude with an amplitude control

    Lab 6-1: Oscilloscope & Function Generator

    • Objective:*
    • To understand the usage of the oscilloscope and function generator.
    • Procedure:*
    1. Preparation and Basic Experiments:
      • Understand terms related to the oscilloscope: Focus, Intensity, Horizontal and Vertical Position, AC-GND-DC Switch, Signal Input, Mode Switch, Trigger Control.
      • Connect the function generator to the oscilloscope input channel and set the function generator to output a 1kHz sine wave
      • Set the oscilloscope vertical sensitivity to 1 V/div and the function generator voltage to 2V to achieve a 4Vpp sine wave.
    2. Waveform Measurement:
      • Set the oscilloscope to display a 5kHz, 6Vpp sine wave and a 100kHz, 4Vpp square wave.
      • Record the waveform shape and the settings used (ms/div, V/div).
    3. RMS Value and Error Measurement:

      • Calculate the RMS value of a 1kHz, 4Vpp sine wave and record it.

      • Measure the RMS value of the function generator's output using a digital multimeter and record it.

      • Calculate the % error:

                                       𝑉𝐴 −𝑉𝑀
                  %오차 =             × 100%
                             𝑉𝐴

      • Where 𝑉𝐴 = calculated value, 𝑉𝑀 = measured value

    4. Results Validation
      • Present the filled-in results table and diagrams.
      • Answer any questions from the instructor.

    Digital and Analog Data Processing

    Digital Data

    • Input: pinMode(pinNo, INPUT); digitalRead(pinNo);
    • Output: pinMode(pinNo, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(pinNo, value);

    Analog Data

    • Input: pinMode(pinNo, INPUT); analogRead(pinNo);
    • Output: pinMode(pinNo, OUTPUT); analogWrite(pinNo, dutyCycle);

    Periodic Processing Functions

    • delay() function:
      • Pauses the program for a specified amount of time.
      • Most microcontroller operations are halted during the delay.
    • millis() function:
      • Returns the time elapsed since the program started.
      • Allows other tasks to run while waiting for a specific time interval.

    Lab 6-2: Periodic Processing

    • Objective:*
    • To understand how to create periodic processes using the Arduino platform.
    • Procedure:*
    1. Button and LED Connection
      • Connect a button and LEDs to the Arduino board.
    2. Blink with millis() Function (Sketch 8-3):
      • Use the millis() function to control the blink interval of an LED, allowing other tasks to run simultaneously.
      • Continuously check the elapsed time and update the LED state accordingly.
    3. Periodic LED Control - Using delay Function (Sketch 8-1):
      • Use the delay() function to control the blink of LEDs, but this approach will block other tasks from running during the delay.
    4. Periodic LED Control - Using millis Function (Sketch 8-4):
      • Combine the millis() function with button input to control the blink of two LEDs.
      • The first LED blinks periodically, while the second LED toggles its state when the button is pressed.
    5. Variable Resistance-based Period Control (Sketch 8-6):
      • Use a potentiometer to control the blink interval of an LED.
      • The analogRead() function reads the potentiometer value, and the map() function converts it to a desired interval range.

    Lab 6-2 Reference: map() Function

    • long map(long value, long fromLow, long fromHigh, long toLow, long toHigh):
      • Remaps a value from one range to another.
      • value: The number to map.
      • fromLow: Lower bound of the input range.
      • fromHigh: Upper bound of the input range.
      • toLow: Lower bound of the output range.
      • toHigh: Upper bound of the output range.

    Lab 6-2: Results Check

    • Show the Sketch 8-3, 8-5, and 8-6 editing windows.
    • Show the execution of Sketch 8-3, 8-5, and 8-6.
    • Answer any questions from the instructor.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the essential features and functions of oscilloscopes, including how they measure voltage and display waveforms. Understand the significance of the X-axis and Y-axis for time and voltage, along with waveform equations. Dive into the various functionalities that make oscilloscopes essential tools for accurate signal measurements.

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