Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main differentiating symptom between bacterial/viral conjunctivitis and allergic conjunctivitis?
What is the main differentiating symptom between bacterial/viral conjunctivitis and allergic conjunctivitis?
- Gritty feeling
- Watery discharge (correct)
- Mucopurulent discharge
- Itching
Which type of conjunctivitis usually affects both eyes initially?
Which type of conjunctivitis usually affects both eyes initially?
- Bacterial conjunctivitis
- Allergic conjunctivitis
- Trauma-induced conjunctivitis
- Viral conjunctivitis (correct)
What is the recommended treatment for bacterial/viral conjunctivitis in individuals above 2 years old?
What is the recommended treatment for bacterial/viral conjunctivitis in individuals above 2 years old?
- Antihistamine
- Chloramphenicol 1% w/v eye drops/ointment (correct)
- Cool compress
- Sodium cromoglicate
What should individuals with bacterial/viral conjunctivitis avoid doing during the infection?
What should individuals with bacterial/viral conjunctivitis avoid doing during the infection?
Which symptom indicates the presence of allergic conjunctivitis?
Which symptom indicates the presence of allergic conjunctivitis?
What should be done if there is no improvement after 48 hours in a patient with conjunctivitis?
What should be done if there is no improvement after 48 hours in a patient with conjunctivitis?
What is the recommended treatment for Ringworm caused by dermatophyte trichophyton?
What is the recommended treatment for Ringworm caused by dermatophyte trichophyton?
How long should one stay away from school or work when infected with a notifiable disease?
How long should one stay away from school or work when infected with a notifiable disease?
What is the recommended antibiotic for Henoxymethyl penicillin times a day for ten days or amoxicillin?
What is the recommended antibiotic for Henoxymethyl penicillin times a day for ten days or amoxicillin?
What is the common symptom that appears 5 days before the rash in cases of Ringworm?
What is the common symptom that appears 5 days before the rash in cases of Ringworm?
What does Tinea corporis refer to?
What does Tinea corporis refer to?
What is a common symptom of both the common cold and influenza?
What is a common symptom of both the common cold and influenza?
Which medication mentioned in the text can reduce the severity and duration of flu symptoms?
Which medication mentioned in the text can reduce the severity and duration of flu symptoms?
What is a recommended prophylactic measure for the flu, especially for those at high risk or over 65 years old?
What is a recommended prophylactic measure for the flu, especially for those at high risk or over 65 years old?
What is the common complication that may develop following a cold and may require treatment with antibiotics?
What is the common complication that may develop following a cold and may require treatment with antibiotics?
What should be avoided to prevent dehydration during cold or influenza?
What should be avoided to prevent dehydration during cold or influenza?
What is the recommended treatment for fever and malaise during a cold or influenza?
What is the recommended treatment for fever and malaise during a cold or influenza?
What is a common symptom of Influenza infection?
What is a common symptom of Influenza infection?
Which medication is recommended for decongestion in Influenza patients aged 6 or above?
Which medication is recommended for decongestion in Influenza patients aged 6 or above?
What is a common complication of Influenza that can result in pneumonia?
What is a common complication of Influenza that can result in pneumonia?
Which of the following is a recommended self-care measure for a sore throat caused by beta-hemolytic streptococci?
Which of the following is a recommended self-care measure for a sore throat caused by beta-hemolytic streptococci?
Which age group should avoid systemic sympathomimetics like Phenylephrine or Pseudoephedrine due to potential side effects?
Which age group should avoid systemic sympathomimetics like Phenylephrine or Pseudoephedrine due to potential side effects?
What is a distinguishing feature of cough drops administration mentioned in the text?
What is a distinguishing feature of cough drops administration mentioned in the text?
What is the recommended treatment if the affected area is inflamed for 7 days?
What is the recommended treatment if the affected area is inflamed for 7 days?
What should be avoided to prevent transmission in case of conditions like scabies?
What should be avoided to prevent transmission in case of conditions like scabies?
In case dandruff is still present after using anti-dandruff shampoo for more than a month, what further actions can be taken?
In case dandruff is still present after using anti-dandruff shampoo for more than a month, what further actions can be taken?
What should be done if scabies has been eradicated?
What should be done if scabies has been eradicated?
For what condition is crotamiton 10% cream used?
For what condition is crotamiton 10% cream used?
What is the recommended frequency of application for ketoconazole nizoral shampoo in prevention?
What is the recommended frequency of application for ketoconazole nizoral shampoo in prevention?
Which medication is typically used to soothe and hydrate the skin?
Which medication is typically used to soothe and hydrate the skin?
'Alopecia areata' is a condition associated with what symptom?
'Alopecia areata' is a condition associated with what symptom?
'Dandruff' often manifests with what characteristic on the scalp?
'Dandruff' often manifests with what characteristic on the scalp?
Study Notes
Ophthalmology
- Bacterial Conjunctivitis:
- Typically affects both eyes
- Symptoms include mucopurulent discharge, causing eyes to stick together
- Treatment: Chloramphenicol 1% w/v eye drops or ointment for 5 days
- Viral Conjunctivitis:
- Typically affects one eye initially, then the other
- Symptoms include watery discharge
- Treatment: Chloramphenicol 1% w/v eye drops or ointment for 5 days
- Allergic Conjunctivitis:
- Affects both eyes
- Symptoms include itching, foreign body sensation, and watery discharge
- Treatment: Sodium cromoglicate or antihistamine
Ringworm
- Caused by dermatophyte trichophyton
- Symptoms: swollen glands in neck, rash with pink/red lesions, slightly raised, annular/ring-shaped patches
- Treatment: Terbafine, topical anti-fungal cream
Subconjunctival Haemorrhage
- Caused by rupture of blood vessel in eye due to trauma, straining, or stress
- Symptoms: no pain, may cause drowsiness, photophobia
- Treatment: resolves on its own within 10-14 days
Common Cold and Influenza
- Common Cold:
- Symptoms: initial discomfort in eyes, nose, and throat, sneezing, nasal discharge, congestion, mild fever
- Recovery: 4-10 days
- Influenza:
- Symptoms: rapid onset, shivering, headache, myalgia, vertigo, back pain, fever
- Recovery: 7-10 days
- Treatment: rest, stay warm, drink plenty of fluids, use disposable tissues, avoid sharing drinks and cutlery
Sore Throat
- Caused by beta haemolytic streptococci
- Symptoms: dry throat, pain when swallowing, hoarseness, redness and swelling at back of throat
- Treatment: painkillers (paracetamol, ibuprofen), lozenges (benzylamine hydrochloride), self-limiting, antibiotics not effective
Dandruff
- Symptoms: red, scaly, itchy scalp
- Treatment: salicylic acid, ketoconazole, nizoral application
Scabies
- Caused by mite Sarcoptes scabei
- Symptoms: intensely itchy skin rash
- Treatment: permethrin, malathion
Alopecia Areata
- Symptoms: patchy hair loss, inflammatory cells attacking hair follicles
- Treatment: minoxidil, finasteride
Eczema
- Caused by climate change, pollution, allergies
- Symptoms: itchy, scaly, red skin
- Treatment: emollients, hydrocortisone 1%, topical corticosteroids
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Description
Prepare for OSCE scenarios related to ophthalmology by testing your knowledge on bacterial conjunctivitis, viral conjunctivitis, and allergic conjunctivitis. Understand the differences in symptoms, causes, and treatment options for these conditions.
