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Questions and Answers
Which characteristic best describes cortical bone?
Which anatomical structure separates the epiphysis and diaphysis in long bones during skeletal growth?
What is the primary function of ligaments in the skeletal system?
Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the rotator cuff in the shoulder?
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What type of instruments are used to strip away the periosteum from a bone?
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What are the wrist bones collectively called?
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Which bone is considered the longest bone of the upper extremity?
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What is the primary role of cartilage in the skeletal system?
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Which type of plate is commonly used in the ASIF/AO Plating System for repairing fracture?
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What is the primary advantage of using intramedullary rods or nails for long bone fractures?
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Which step is NOT part of the sequence to fixate a bone?
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In which type of fractures is the Gamma Nail specifically used?
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What is the primary goal when treating a meniscal tear?
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Which instrument is used to stabilize the fracture during the sequence to fixate a bone?
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What system is utilized to ensure the correct screw length during bone fixation?
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Which of the following is NOT a feature of arthroscopy?
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What is one of the primary instruments included in the basic instrument set for fracture repair?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of the RUSSELL-TAYLOR intramedullary nail system?
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What is the purpose of using a Kerrison rongeur during a laminectomy?
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In which patient demographic is bone cement most likely avoided for holding the prosthesis in place?
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Which element of the hip procedure would most likely require the surgeon to use trial cups?
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What additional instrumentation is used for hemostasis during spine procedures?
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During the preparation of the femur for implant insertion, what is the initial action taken?
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What is the primary purpose of a bone graft in surgical interventions?
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Which type of bone graft is known to promote a direct fusion with the host's bone?
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In which scenario is Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) most appropriate?
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What is a key benefit of performing a Closed Reduction?
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What is the main advantage of using External Fixation in fracture care?
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Which instrument is commonly used with cancellous bone grafts during surgical procedures?
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What is the primary purpose of implementing traffic control in perioperative nursing considerations?
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What does the term 'anatomical function' refer to in the context of fracture surgery?
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When is it essential to use a biological indicator during the sterilization process of implants?
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What crucial aspect should be considered when positioning a patient for surgery?
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What is the most common graft used in Anterior Cruciate Ligament repair?
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What is the main goal of Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA)?
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Intertrochanteric fractures are classified as which type?
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What fixation method is typically used for an intertrochanteric fracture?
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Which fracture type is most commonly associated with elderly women suffering from osteoporosis?
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What is a potential complication of femoral neck fractures?
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In the context of Total Hip Arthroplasty, which statement about prosthetics is true?
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What does the term 'traction' refer to in the context of hip fracture procedures?
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In the pinning procedure for a trochanteric fracture, which tool is primarily used to guide the placement of screws?
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What is one of the fixation techniques for a femoral neck fracture?
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Study Notes
Orthopedic Surgery Overview
- The skeletal system consists of 206 bones, providing support for soft tissues, a framework for ligaments and tendons, and enabling movement.
- Key components of the musculoskeletal system include muscles, ligaments, tendons, cartilage, and joints, all working together for stability and movement.
Anatomy of Long Bones
- Long bones consist of a diaphysis (shaft), epiphysis (ends containing cancellous bone), and metaphysis (area containing the growth plate).
- The periosteum is a connective tissue layer surrounding bones, essential for healing.
- Bone types include cortical (hard outer layer) and cancellous (soft, spongy interior containing marrow).
Shoulder and Upper Extremity Anatomy
- The shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint supported by the rotator cuff, comprising four muscles.
- The humerus is the longest bone of the upper extremity with proximal and distal ends linking to the shoulder joint and forearm bones.
Wrist and Hand Anatomy
- The wrist comprises 8 carpal bones, the palm contains 14 metacarpals, and the digits consist of phalanges.
- The median nerve runs through the palm, critical for hand sensation and movement.
Surgical Considerations
- Safe practice involves PPE, traffic control in OR, surgical counts, draping techniques, and maintaining body temperature with warming blankets.
- Documentation of implant information and sterilization protocols is essential.
Major Surgical Interventions
- Types include bone grafting, fracture surgery (open vs. closed), bone fixation, arthroscopy, total knee, hip, and spinal surgeries.
Bone Graft Types and Instruments
- Bone grafts can be allografts (from a donor) or autografts (from the patient's own body), aiding fracture healing.
- Cancellous grafts promote healing through vascular supply, while cortical grafts need stabilization with hardware.
Fracture Surgery Techniques
- Fractures can be reduced with closed reduction (non-invasive) or open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), with the goal of anatomical restoration and stability.
- Closed reduction minimizes infection risks and supports quicker recovery.
External Fixation
- An external fixation device stabilizes fractures without exposing the fracture site, allowing for better management of surrounding soft tissue injuries.
Total Knee Arthroplasty
- Total knee replacement is performed on patients with severe arthritis, preserving ligaments and range of motion.
- Various fixation methods for implants include cemented, uncemented, and hybrid techniques.
Hip Surgery
- Hip fractures are categorized into femoral neck, intertrochanteric, and subtrochanteric types, each requiring specific treatment protocols.
- Internal fixation strategies and total hip replacements are employed based on fracture characteristics and patient health.
Spinal Surgery
- Most spinal surgeries target the lumbar and cervical regions due to their mobility and susceptibility to degeneration.
- Laminectomy is a common procedure to relieve spinal cord pressure, often used for spinal stenosis.
Key Surgical Instruments
- Instruments such as periosteal elevators, osteotomes, and various rongeurs (Kerrison and pituitary) are essential for bone and tissue manipulation during surgery.
Post-Surgical Considerations
- Proper positioning post-surgery, blood management, and the use of neuro patties are critical for successful recovery in spinal surgeries.
- Ensuring the right tools and techniques are in place helps optimize surgical outcomes and patient rehabilitation.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the structure and function of the skeletal system and the anatomy of long bones. Explore key concepts of the shoulder, upper extremity, and the importance of different bone types. This quiz covers essential topics for understanding orthopedic surgery.
