Orthopedic Implants
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of using metal plates and screws in orthopedic surgery?

  • To hold fractured bone segments together during healing (correct)
  • To transmit mechanical forces into the jawbone
  • To reduce bone recession
  • To replace missing teeth

    • What is an advantage of dental implants over dentures?

  • They are more comfortable
  • They are less expensive
  • They are easier to install
  • They transmit mechanical forces into the jawbone and stimulate it (correct)

    • What is the purpose of x-rays in the context of orthopedic surgery?

  • To identify dental implant locations
  • To visualize metal plates and screws (correct)
  • To monitor bone healing
  • To diagnose bone fractures

    • What is the HALLU-FIX MTP Fusion System used for?

    <p>Foot and hand surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of dental implants stimulating the jawbone?

    <p>Less bone recession over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the porcelain crown in dental implant surgery?

    <p>To top the dental implant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential drawback of dentures compared to dental implants?

    <p>They do not stimulate the jawbone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common use of metal rods in orthopedic surgery?

    <p>To hold fractured bone segments together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of metal stiffness in biomedical engineering?

    <p>It leads to stress shielding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of shape memory alloys?

    <p>They can be bent or deformed and return to their original shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a use of stainless steel in biomedical engineering?

    <p>Joint replacements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of bioactive ceramics?

    <p>They stimulate direct bone bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a use of titanium alloys in biomedical engineering?

    <p>Joint replacements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of cobalt-chrome alloys?

    <p>They are used in joint replacements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a use of gold in biomedical engineering?

    <p>Dental fillings and crowns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a use of platinum in biomedical engineering?

    <p>Electrodes and neural stimulation devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis of the functions of the body?

    <p>The way they are assembled and organized into larger structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

    <p>To support structure and provide a surface for cells to adhere to</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cells attach to the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Through cell-surface receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of the field of biomaterials in relation to the ECM?

    <p>To mimic the structure of the ECM to guide cell-biomaterial interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of hierarchical design?

    <p>Maximum capability per unit of material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of functional tissue or organ construction in hierarchical design?

    <p>Smallest units self-assemble, then self-assemble to form larger units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial consideration for polymer additives used in biomedical applications?

    <p>Their careful testing before human implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of hierarchical design?

    <p>It increases the efficiency of assembly, properties, and function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the repeating pattern in hierarchical design?

    <p>A repeating structural motif at multiple-length scales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of polymers compared to metals or ceramics?

    <p>They have lower strengths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of polymers in tissue engineering?

    <p>Their ability to form complex shapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be achieved by varying the chemical bonding and structure of polymers?

    <p>Achieving a range of strengths and properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of polymers in biomedical applications?

    <p>They can be biodegradable or permanent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are polymers the number one biomaterial type of choice for tissue engineering?

    <p>Because they can form complex shapes, control structure, and are degradable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cells that survive and maintain tissue around them after becoming trapped within layers of ECM?

    <p>To maintain tissue homeostasis and promote tissue growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of biomineralization research?

    <p>Studying the processes that lead to the formation of hierarchically structured composites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of implanting a biomaterial in the body?

    <p>The immune system is activated, leading to an inflammatory response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of proteins in determining the biological activity of the tissue-implant interface?

    <p>They interact with the solid surfaces of biomaterials and experience structural alterations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of platelets in the blood?

    <p>To promote the formation of a blood clot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can biomaterials promote tissue interactions?

    <p>By allowing protein adsorption and promoting tissue interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of protein adsorption on the biomaterial surface?

    <p>Proteins experience structural alterations and lose their biological activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the immune system in response to biomaterial implantation?

    <p>To initiate an inflammatory response and attack the biomaterial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Metal Applications

    • Metal plates and screws are used to hold fractured bone segments together during healing
    • Implants can be visualized using x-rays
    • Dental implants can replace missing teeth and transmit mechanical forces into the jawbone, stimulating bone growth

    Properties of Metals

    • Stiffness can lead to stress shielding, preventing tissue from being exposed to normal levels of mechanical loading
    • Shape memory alloys can be bent or deformed and return to their original shape when the stress is released

    Metal Applications

    • Stainless steel is used in joint replacements, bone fracture fixation, heart valves, and electrodes
    • Titanium and titanium alloys are used in joint replacements, dental bridges and implants, and coronary stents
    • Cobalt-chrome alloys are used in joint replacements and bone fracture fixation
    • Gold is used in dental fillings and crowns, and electrodes
    • Silver is used in pacemaker wires, suture materials, and dental amalgams
    • Platinum is used in electrodes and neural stimulation devices

    Ceramics

    • Ceramics can stimulate direct bone bonding, which is important in securing orthopedic medical devices
    • Bioactive ceramics can form an attachment to the biomaterial surface after implantation
    • Artificial hip joints can be made from ceramics

    Polymers

    • Polymers resemble natural materials, are biodegradable or permanent, and can be fabricated into complex shapes
    • However, polymers have lower strengths than metals or ceramics and can deform with time
    • Polymers are the number one biomaterial type of choice for tissue engineering due to their ability to form complex shapes, control the structure at many length scales, and degrade over time

    Biomaterial Design and Selection

    • Biomaterial design should learn from nature, as the human body is made from a relatively simple set of amino acids and nucleic acids
    • The way biomaterials are assembled and organized into larger structures defines their function
    • Biomaterial design should mimic the structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by guiding cell-biomaterial interactions and promoting regeneration and healing

    The Extracellular Matrix

    • Every tissue has an ECM, which supports structure and provides a surface for cells to adhere to, live within, and migrate across
    • Cells attach to the ECM via specific cell surface receptors
    • Interactions of cells with the ECM play a crucial role during tissue regeneration

    Hierarchical Design

    • Efficient structure with maximum capability per ounce of material is achieved through hierarchical design
    • Same structural motif is repeated at multiple-length scales in tissues, allowing for efficient assembly, properties, and function

    Biomineralization

    • Biomineralization is the study of biologically produced materials, such as bone and teeth, and the processes that lead to their formation
    • Biomineralization is the process by which living organisms produce minerals, often to harden or stiffen existing tissues

    Tissue-Biomaterial Interactions

    • After implantation, the immune system gets excited, cells get directed toward the biomaterial, immune cells attack it, and inflammation and wound healing processes occur
    • Proteins determine the biological activity of the tissue-implant interface
    • Biomaterials can promote tissue interactions by allowing protein adsorption or inhibit tissue interactions by repelling protein

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    This quiz covers the use of metal plates and screws in orthopedic surgery to repair fractured bones and the process of visualization through x-rays.

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