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What is the primary focus of ornamental horticulture?
What is the primary focus of ornamental horticulture?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of ornamental horticulture?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of ornamental horticulture?
What factor is essential when selecting plants for an ornamental garden?
What factor is essential when selecting plants for an ornamental garden?
Which design principle emphasizes maintaining a cohesive appearance in a landscape?
Which design principle emphasizes maintaining a cohesive appearance in a landscape?
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How can repetitive patterns in landscaping be best described?
How can repetitive patterns in landscaping be best described?
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What does biodiversity in plant selection promote?
What does biodiversity in plant selection promote?
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What is a primary function of green plants in the ecosystem?
What is a primary function of green plants in the ecosystem?
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Which element is influenced by the size and arrangement of plants in a landscape?
Which element is influenced by the size and arrangement of plants in a landscape?
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Which domain do plants belong to?
Which domain do plants belong to?
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What is the classification level just above 'Class'?
What is the classification level just above 'Class'?
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Which of the following is NOT a recognized domain?
Which of the following is NOT a recognized domain?
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What do angiosperms and gymnosperms represent in plant classification?
What do angiosperms and gymnosperms represent in plant classification?
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Which of the following represents the most specific level of plant classification?
Which of the following represents the most specific level of plant classification?
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What is the primary composition of soil?
What is the primary composition of soil?
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In the classification of a rose, what is its genus?
In the classification of a rose, what is its genus?
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Which classification level includes groups of closely related species?
Which classification level includes groups of closely related species?
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What percentage of soil composition is made up of organic matter (OM)?
What percentage of soil composition is made up of organic matter (OM)?
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Which horizon is primarily composed of organic matter?
Which horizon is primarily composed of organic matter?
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Which of the following factors does NOT influence soil formation?
Which of the following factors does NOT influence soil formation?
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Which property of soil refers to its ability to retain water?
Which property of soil refers to its ability to retain water?
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What is the main cause of soil erosion?
What is the main cause of soil erosion?
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Which conservation practice involves planting crops in a manner that follows the contours of the land?
Which conservation practice involves planting crops in a manner that follows the contours of the land?
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How can soil fertility be enhanced?
How can soil fertility be enhanced?
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Which soil classification system is primarily used by the United States Department of Agriculture?
Which soil classification system is primarily used by the United States Department of Agriculture?
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What factor is not typically associated with the characteristics of soils in different regions?
What factor is not typically associated with the characteristics of soils in different regions?
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How does topography influence soil development?
How does topography influence soil development?
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What role do organisms play in soil development?
What role do organisms play in soil development?
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Which type of soil would most likely have distinct horizons and greater organic matter accumulation?
Which type of soil would most likely have distinct horizons and greater organic matter accumulation?
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What can result from human activities in relation to soil properties?
What can result from human activities in relation to soil properties?
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How does drainage affect soil characteristics?
How does drainage affect soil characteristics?
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Which element is not considered a primary soil separate?
Which element is not considered a primary soil separate?
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What geographic factor is crucial in determining the types of soils found in various regions?
What geographic factor is crucial in determining the types of soils found in various regions?
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What is the primary function of auxins in plants?
What is the primary function of auxins in plants?
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Which plant growth regulator is commonly used to increase fruit size?
Which plant growth regulator is commonly used to increase fruit size?
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What role do cytokinins play in plant growth?
What role do cytokinins play in plant growth?
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What is abscisic acid primarily known for?
What is abscisic acid primarily known for?
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Which substance is a natural auxin?
Which substance is a natural auxin?
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How do growth regulators influence agriculture?
How do growth regulators influence agriculture?
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What is the main application of ethylene in fruit storage?
What is the main application of ethylene in fruit storage?
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What should be considered when applying plant growth regulators?
What should be considered when applying plant growth regulators?
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Study Notes
Ornamental Horticulture
- The study of growing, arranging, and tending decorative plants and flowers.
- Contributes to aesthetics by creating visually appealing landscapes.
- Holds cultural significance due to its connection to regional traditions and stories.
- Creates economic impact through plant sales, landscaping services, and tourism.
- Provides environmental benefits such as improved air quality, reduced soil erosion, and wildlife habitats.
- Positively impacts mental and emotional wellbeing through interaction with nature and beautiful landscapes.
Plant Selection and Design Principles
- Climate suitability: selecting plants that can thrive in the local climate to ensure longevity.
- Site analysis: choosing plants that thrive in the specific conditions, such as sunlight, soil type, drainage, and wind conditions.
- Biodiversity: selecting a diverse range of plants to promote ecosystem health.
Design Principles
- Unity and Harmony: creating a cohesive appearance using similar colors, textures, and forms.
- Balance: achieving visual equilibrium by distributing plant elements evenly.
- Rhythm: creating a flow with repeated patterns or focal points.
- Proportion and Scale: balancing the size of plants with the surrounding space to avoid overly large or small arrangements.
- Contrast: combining contrasting elements, such as color, shape, and texture, to create visual interest.
The Green Plant
- Plants produce and recycle oxygen essential for animal life.
- They capture sunlight energy and convert it into usable forms for humans and animals.
- Plants are the only organisms capable of manufacturing their own food.
Plant Classification
- Domain: Eukarya
- Kingdom: Plantae
- Division/Phylum: Angiosperms (flowering plants), Gymnosperms (cone-bearing plants).
- Class: Monocots (grasses, lilies), Dicots (roses, sunflowers).
- Order: Further division of classes based on shared characteristics.
- Family: Groups of related plants sharing more specific characteristics.
- Genus: Closely related species with similar characteristics.
- Species: Individual plant types characterized by the ability to interbreed.
Soil:
- The upper layer of the Earth's crust composed of mineral particles, organic matter, water, and air.
- Essential for supporting life on Earth.
- Provides a habitat for plants, animals, and microorganisms.
Soil Composition
- Mineral particles: sand, silt, and clay
- Organic matter: decaying plant and animal material
- Water
- Air
Soil Horizons:
- O Horizon: Organic matter
- A Horizon: Topsoil
- E Horizon: Leaching Zone
- B Horizon: Subsoil
- C Horizon: Weathered parent material
Soil Formation:
- Weathering of rocks into smaller particles by physical, chemical, and biological processes.
- Influenced by time, climate, parent material, topography, organisms, and human activities.
Soil Properties:
- Texture: proportion of sand, silt, and clay.
- Structure: how particles clump together.
- pH: level of acidity or alkalinity.
- Organic matter content.
- Nutrient levels.
Soil Erosion:
- The process of soil being washed or blown away due to factors like water runoff, wind, and human activities.
- Leads to loss of fertile topsoil and degraded land quality.
Soil Conservation:
- Techniques to prevent soil erosion and degradation.
- Contour plowing, terracing, cover cropping, no-till farming, and planting windbreaks help maintain soil health and prevent nutrient loss.
Soil Fertility
- The ability of soil to provide essential nutrients for plants.
- Fertilizers are often used to supplement nutrient levels in soil.
Soil Classification:
- Classified into various types based on factors like texture, structure, and composition.
- The Soil Taxonomy system, developed by the United States Department of Agriculture, is commonly used for soil classification.
Importance of Soil
- Vital for agriculture, providing a medium for plant growth and serving as a reservoir for water and nutrients.
- Supports ecosystems, filters and purifies water, and plays a role in carbon and nutrient cycling.
Why Soil Differs:
- Parent Material
- Climate
- Topography and Landscape
- Time
- Organisms
- Human Activities
- Drainage and Water Regime
- Biological Activity
- Geographical Location
- Human Management Practices
Soil Separaters
- Individual mineral particles that make up soil.
- The three primary separates are sand, silt, and clay.
Plant Growth Regulators
- Auxins: cell elongation, apical dominance, root formation in cuttings, phototropism, and gravitropism.
- Gibberellins: stem elongation, seed germination, flowering, and fruit size.
- Cytokinins: cell division and differentiation, lateral bud growth, delay senescence, and enhance nutrient mobilization.
- Abscisic Acid (ABA): stress hormone, promotes seed dormancy, and inhibits growth under unfavorable conditions.
- Ethylene: fruit ripening, leaf abscission, responses to mechanical stress, plant responses to biotic stresses like pathogens and insects.
PGR Applications
- Agriculture: control plant growth, promote flowering, increase fruit yield, regulate fruit ripening.
- Horticulture: manipulate plant growth for ornamental purposes, controlling size and shape.
- Propagation: induce root formation and accelerate growth in tissue culture and propagation techniques.
- Fruit Storage: control fruit ripening and extend shelf life.
- Weed Control: control the growth of unwanted plants.
- Regulation: Use growth regulators carefully to avoid unintended consequences.
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Description
Test your knowledge on ornamental horticulture, including the principles of plant selection, design, and the impact of decorative plants on aesthetics and the environment. This quiz covers important topics such as climate suitability, site analysis, and biodiversity in landscaping. Explore how horticulture enhances culture and economy while benefiting mental wellbeing.
