Origins of Life
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Questions and Answers

Which scientist conducted experiments to test whether sterile nutrient broth could spontaneously generate microbial life?

  • Louis Pasteur (correct)
  • Alexander Fleming
  • Robert Koch
  • Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
  • What was the purpose of bending the necks of the flasks into S shapes in Pasteur's experiment?

  • To expose the nutrient broth to air from above (correct)
  • To kill existing microbes
  • To sterilize the nutrient broth
  • To prevent the nutrient broth from boiling
  • What was the result of Pasteur's experiment where the swan necks were broken off the flasks?

  • The experiment failed
  • The nutrient broth boiled
  • The broth remained clear
  • The broth turned cloudy (correct)
  • According to the cell theory, what is the smallest unit of life?

    <p>Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evidence supports the theory that cells can only be formed by division of pre-existing cells?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some key problems in understanding how the first cells arose?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Miller and Urey experiments, what conditions were recreated in the lab to simulate the formation of organic molecules in the primeval soup?

    <p>Reducing atmosphere, low oxygen levels, high radiation levels, high temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on Miller and Urey's findings, what was concluded about the formation of organic molecules under the hypothesized conditions of prebiotic Earth?

    <p>Both simple amino acids and complex oily hydrocarbons could be formed under the hypothesized conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the endosymbiotic theory, how did organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts originate in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>They originated from symbiotic relationships between separate single-celled organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following statements is true about endosymbionts?

    <p>Endosymbionts have their own DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the development of chloroplasts and mitochondria?

    <p>Chloroplasts develop through digestion of a larger prokaryote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory for mitochondria and chloroplasts?

    <p>They have their own DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is LUCA?

    <p>A hypothetical single-celled organism from which all life on Earth descended</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated age of LUCA?

    <p>Around 3.5 to 3.8 billion years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are hydrothermal vents hypothesized as potential sites for life's origin?

    <p>They release energy-rich compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

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