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Organs and Organ Systems
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Organs and Organ Systems

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Questions and Answers

What defines an organ according to the text?

  • A combination of different organ systems
  • A group of organs working together to perform a function
  • Two or more tissues working together to perform a function (correct)
  • A single type of tissue performing a specific function

    • Which organ is part of both the digestive and endocrine system?

  • Stomach
  • Lungs
  • Pancreas (correct)
  • Liver

    • Which organ system is responsible for regulating body activities through hormone production?

  • Lymphatic system
  • Endocrine system (correct)
  • Respiratory system
  • Muscular system

    • Which system is NOT part of RUN MRS LIDEC classification?

    <p>Renal system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the digestive system, which organ is responsible for producing digestive enzymes?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is involved in the transfer of gases in and out of the body?

    <p>Respiratory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of anatomy?

    <p>The study of body structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subdiscipline of anatomy involves comparing structures across different species?

    <p>Comparative anatomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of cytology?

    <p>Study of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of body organization involves atoms and molecules?

    <p>Chemical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue covers body surfaces?

    <p>Epithelial tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which discipline focuses on the function of body parts?

    <p>Physiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Coronary Computer Tomography Angiography (CCTA)?

    <p>To generate a 3D image of the heart to identify coronary artery blockages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Radionuclide Scanning work?

    <p>By detecting gamma rays emitted by body tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan?

    <p>Positrons collide with electrons in body tissues to produce gamma rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging technique is best suited for detecting high and low areas of tissue activity?

    <p>Radionuclide Scanning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a beta-blocker given to patients before Coronary Computer Tomography Angiography (CCTA)?

    <p>To slow down the heart rate during imaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sides?

    <p>Sagittal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In anatomical terms, what does 'proximal' mean?

    <p>Closer to the trunk or origin of a limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the midsagittal plane and the parasagittal plane?

    <p>The midsagittal plane divides the body equally, while the parasagittal plane divides it unequally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which directional term refers to 'closer to the tail (sacrum)'?

    <p>Caudal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'superficial' mean in anatomical references?

    <p>Closer to the surface of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes two structures being on the same side of the body's midline?

    <p>Ipsilateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between signs and symptoms of a disease?

    <p>Signs are observable changes, while symptoms are not apparent to an observer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical imaging technique uses high-frequency sound waves to reflect off body tissues?

    <p>Ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) not be used on individuals with metal implants like pacemakers or joint replacements?

    <p>Metal implants interfere with the magnetic field used in MRI scans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main drawback of using Computed Tomography (CT or CAT) scans for medical imaging?

    <p>CT scans involve exposure to X-rays.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is characterized by a progressive decline in the body's ability to restore homeostasis?

    <p>Aging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical imaging technique is best suited for detecting blood flow through vessels, such as in cases of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?

    <p>Ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What life process involves the sum of all chemical processes in the body?

    <p>Metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical term describes the motions of whole body, individual organs, cells, and organelles?

    <p>Movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment?

    <p>Responsiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which position is described as lying face down?

    <p>Prone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves unspecialized cells becoming specialized?

    <p>Differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which regional name includes the neck and supports the head attaching it to the trunk?

    <p>Neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Anatomical' position in terms of body positions is usually defined as:

    <p>Standing erect, facing observer, head level, eyes forward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which life process involves an increase in body size, including size of cells and number of cells?

    <p>Growth &amp; Development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ system is responsible for regulating body activities through hormone production?

    <p>Endocrine system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body system is involved in transferring gases in and out of the body?

    <p>Cardiovascular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the digestive system?

    <p>Breaking down and absorbing food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is part of both the respiratory and endocrine systems?

    <p>Thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary components of the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Blood, heart, and blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes organ systems according to the text?

    <p>Organs working together with a common function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is not part of the digestive system?

    <p>Thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of cells known as?

    <p>Cytology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lymphatic & immunity system?

    <p>Defending against pathogens and infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of anatomy involves comparing structures across different species?

    <p>Comparative anatomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of connective tissue?

    <p>Support and protect body organs, distribute blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of body organization involves atoms, the smallest units of matter?

    <p>Chemical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of histology?

    <p>Study of tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which discipline primarily deals with body function rather than structure?

    <p>Physiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of nervous tissue?

    <p>Carries information between body parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cavity is located between the pleural cavities and contains the heart, esophagus, and trachea?

    <p>Pericardial cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the serous membrane within the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

    <p>Covers and lubricates viscera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body cavity contains the stomach, liver, pancreas, and small intestine?

    <p>Abdominal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the adrenal glands located in the human body?

    <p>Abdominal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cavities contains internal organs of the reproductive system?

    <p>Pelvic cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue covers, lines, partitions, or connects structures in the body?

    <p>Epithelial tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical structure connects the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

    <p><strong>Diaphragm</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Synovial cavities are found within which part of the human body?

    <p><strong>Joints</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which serous membrane surrounds the heart and has a parietal layer that lines the fibrous pericardium?

    <p>Visceral pericardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abdominal viscera is classified as retroperitoneal?

    <p>Kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which abdominopelvic quadrant would you find the ascending colon?

    <p>Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure would you find in the epigastric region of the abdominopelvic area?

    <p>Gall bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area of the body is indicated by the term 'hypochondriac' in the abdominopelvic region divisions?

    <p>Below the ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where in the body would you find the sigmoid colon?

    <p>Left inguinal region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What divides the abdominopelvic region into four sections along midsagittal and transverse lines?

    <p>'Quadrants'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Transverse lines through umbilicus' are used to define regions in relation to which anatomical landmark?

    <p>'Circumbilical' lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anatomy and Physiology

    • Anatomy: study of structure (sx), learning parts before function (fx)
    • Physiology: study of function (fx) of body parts

    Levels of Body Organization & Systems

    • Chemical: atoms (smallest units of matter), molecules (two or more atoms joined)
    • Cellular: molecules combine to form cells, most basic and functional units of an organism
    • Tissues: groups of similar cells working together, 4 types:
      • Epithelial: covers body surfaces
      • Connective: supports and protects body organs, distributes blood vessels
      • Muscular: contracts -> movement & heat
      • Nervous: carries information between body parts
    • Organs: two or more tissues working together to perform a function
    • Organ Systems: related organs with a common function

    11 Organ Systems (RUN MRS LIDEC)

    • Integumentary: skin & associated structures (hair, fingernail, toenail, sweat glands, oil glands, subcutaneous layer)
    • Skeletal: bones & joints
    • Muscular: skeletal muscle tissue, body movement
    • Cardiovascular: blood, heart, & blood vessels
    • Lymphatic & Immunity: lymphatic fluid, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils, B & T cells
    • Nervous: brain, spinal cord, nerves and special sense organs (eyes, ears)
    • Endocrine: hormone-producing glands, regulate body activities
    • Respiratory: lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, larynx, pharynx; transfers gases in/out of body, regulates pH, sounds
    • Digestive: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestine, anus; salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas
    • Urinary: kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
    • Reproductive: gonads (testes/ovaries); uterine tubes, uterus & vagina; epididymides, seminal vesicles, prostate, ductus deferens and penis

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    Chapter_1_Introduction.pdf

    Description

    Learn about organs which are groups of two or more tissues working together to perform a specific function, like the stomach, heart, lungs, and brain. Explore the concept of organ systems, where related organs collaborate to achieve common functions, such as the digestive system which breaks down and absorbs food through various organs.

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